Exam 3 Flashcards

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28 Terms

1

Translation

The process in the cytosol where mRNA sequence is translated into an amino acid sequence.

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2

Codon

A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or a start/stop signal.

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3

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Molecule that serves as the link between codons on mRNA and amino acids.

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4

Aminoacyl Synthetase

Enzyme that attaches the appropriate amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.

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5

Polycistronic mRNA

Bacterial mRNA that can encode multiple proteins.

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6

Stop Codons

Nucleotide sequences (UAA, UAG, UGA) that signal the termination of protein synthesis.

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7

Hydrolytic Editing

The process by which incorrect amino acids are removed from tRNA during protein synthesis.

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8

Ribosome

Large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for protein synthesis, composed of two subunits.

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9

Eukaryotic Initiation Factors (eIFs)

Proteins involved in the initiation of translation in eukaryotes.

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10

Molecular Chaperones

Proteins that assist in the proper folding of other proteins and can repair minor defects.

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11

Quality Control in Protein Synthesis

Process of ensuring only correctly folded proteins are produced, with mis-folded proteins targeted for degradation.

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12

Ubiquitin

A small protein that tags mis-folded proteins for degradation by proteasomes.

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13

Peptide Bond

The bond formed between amino acids during protein synthesis.

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14

Cytosol

The aqueous component of the cytoplasm where translation occurs.

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15

AUG

The start codon that initiates translation and codes for Methionine.

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16

Polyribosomes

Structures composed of multiple ribosomes translating a single mRNA strand simultaneously.

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17

What does mRNA stand for?

mRNA stands for messenger RNA, which carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

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18

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Ribosomes are responsible for translating mRNA into a polypeptide chain, assembling amino acids in the order specified by the mRNA.

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19

What is the function of tRNA?

tRNA (transfer RNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome corresponding to the codons on the mRNA.

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20

What is a peptide bond?

A peptide bond is a covalent bond that links amino acids together in a protein.

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21

What is the significance of the start codon AUG?

AUG is the start codon that initiates translation and codes for the amino acid Methionine.

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22

What are stop codons?

Stop codons are nucleotide sequences (UAA, UAG, UGA) that signal the termination of protein synthesis.

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23

What is the role of aminoacyl synthetase?

Aminoacyl synthetase is an enzyme that attaches the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.

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24

What are polycistronic mRNA molecules?

Polycistronic mRNA molecules are bacterial mRNA that encode multiple proteins within a single transcript.

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25

Define molecular chaperones. What is their function?

Molecular chaperones are proteins that assist in the correct folding of other proteins and can help repair misfolded proteins.

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26

What is quality control in protein synthesis?

Quality control is the process that ensures only correctly folded proteins are produced, with mis-folded proteins targeted for degradation.

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27

Fill in the blank: The ________ is the molecule that links codons on mRNA to specific amino acids during protein synthesis.

tRNA (transfer RNA)

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28

Regular Format Flashcard

A flashcard type where the front contains a term or question and the back has a concise and informative definition or answer.

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