General Chemistry 2: Intermolecular Forces of Liquids and Solids

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to intermolecular forces, properties of liquids and solids, and phase changes as discussed in General Chemistry 2.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces of attraction between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, ions) that influence properties of solids and liquids.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Explains the behavior of particles in different states of matter, emphasizing their motion and the effects of intermolecular forces.

Surface Tension

The amount of energy required to stretch or increase the surface area of a liquid, influenced by intermolecular forces.

Viscosity

The measure of a liquid's resistance to flow, with higher viscosity indicating stronger intermolecular forces.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid at a given temperature; influenced by intermolecular forces.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external atmospheric pressure, affected by intermolecular forces.

Molar Heat of Vaporization (∆Hvap)

The energy required to vaporize one mole of a liquid; related to the strength of intermolecular forces.

Dipole-Dipole Interaction

Attractive forces between polar molecules where partially positive and partially negative charges attract each other.

Dispersion Forces (London Forces)

Weak intermolecular forces that occur between all molecules due to temporary dipoles created by electron motion.

Hydrogen Bonding

A strong type of dipole-dipole interaction occurring between molecules where hydrogen is covalently bonded to highly electronegative atoms like F, O, or N.

Crystalline Solids

Solids with a definite and ordered arrangement of particles, resulting in a distinct geometric shape.

Amorphous Solids

Solids that lack a long-range order or definite geometric shape, characterized by a random arrangement of particles.

Ion-Dipole Interaction

An attractive force between an ion and a polar molecule, significant in solutions of ionic compounds.

Phase Diagram

A graphical representation showing the state of a substance (solid, liquid, gas) at various temperatures and pressures.

Cooling Curve

A graph showing the change in temperature of a substance as it cools and changes phase, indicating transitions between states.