Canine Reproduction, Over-Population & Fertility Control (copy)

What is the significance of studying canine reproduction?

Essential for breeders and veterinarians to manage fertility and diagnose infertility, linked to canine over-population, shelter euthanasia, public health issues, and informs humane fertility-control technologies.

How many dogs and cats are euthanized annually in US shelters?

Over 4,000,000 dogs and cats.

What is the main unique feature of the male dog reproductive system?

Dogs lack seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands; they have a penis bone called os penis.

What process does spermatogenesis involve?

Progression from spermatogonia to primary/secondary spermatocytes to spermatids to spermatozoa.

How does the female dog's reproductive anatomy differ from that of humans?

The dog has a bicornuate uterus allowing for litters, whereas humans have a single body uterus.

What hormone surge triggers ovulation in dogs?

An LH surge triggered by rising estradiol levels.

What is the average gestation period for dogs?

Approximately 63 days.

What are some pros of castration in male dogs?

It is cheap, permanent, prevents benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and eliminates roaming/testes tumors.

What are the risks associated with spaying female dogs?

Increased risk of osteosarcoma and predisposition to obesity.

What is the ideal future tool for fertility control in dogs?

A single, low-cost, field-deployable injectable dose inducing lifelong sterility without major side effects.

What feedback mechanism is involved in male endocrine regulation?

Testosterone inhibits GnRH and LH/FSH release (negative feedback loop).

What does the term 'monoestrous' mean in relation to dogs?

Dogs have one estrus cycle per ovarian cycle.

What characterizes the ovarian folliculogenesis process?

Stages progress from primordial to primary to secondary to antral to preovulatory (Graafian).'