Dermatology Topics: Disorders and Treatments

Papulosquamous disorders

Skin conditions characterized by papules and scales.

Atopic dermatitis

Chronic skin condition causing itchy, inflamed skin.

Contact dermatitis

Skin inflammation from contact with irritants or allergens.

Lichen planus

Inflammatory condition causing purplish, itchy lesions.

Pityriasis rosea

Skin rash with a herald patch and scaling.

Psoriasis

Chronic autoimmune condition causing red, scaly patches.

Seborrheic dermatitis

Scaly patches and red skin, often on scalp.

Cherry angioma

Benign vascular growth appearing as red spots.

Stasis dermatitis

Inflammation due to poor venous circulation.

Hemangioma

Benign tumor of blood vessels, often in infants.

Purpura

Purple spots on skin from bleeding underneath.

Bullous pemphigoid

Autoimmune blistering disorder affecting elderly.

Pemphigus vulgaris

Serious autoimmune blistering skin disease.

Melasma

Skin discoloration, often on face, due to sun. Face of pregnancy

Vitiligo

Loss of skin pigment resulting in white patches.

Urticaria

Hives, characterized by itchy welts on skin.

Acanthosis nigricans

Dark, velvety patches in body folds.

Hidradenitis suppurativa

Chronic skin condition causing painful lumps.

Lipomas

Benign tumors of fatty tissue under skin.

Epidermal inclusion cysts

Benign cysts formed from hair follicles.

Photosensitivity reactions

Skin reactions triggered by sunlight exposure.

Darier sign

Urticaria when skin is stroked.

Acute Phase

Characterized by intense pruritus and erythema.

Chronic Contact Dermatitis

Presents with scaling, erythema, and thickened skin.

Vesicles/Bullae

Fluid-filled lesions indicating severe dermatitis.

Common Location

Hands are the most affected area.

Edema

Swelling indicating inflammation beyond contact area.

Delayed Reaction

Symptoms may develop 24 to 48 hours post-exposure.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Caused by an allergen triggering immune response.

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Result of direct skin irritation from substances.

Subacute ACD

Intermediate form between acute and chronic dermatitis.

Patch Testing

Diagnostic method for identifying contact allergens.

Finn Chambers

Shallow cups used in patch testing.

Koebner Phenomenon

Lesions appear at trauma sites like scratches.

Lichen Planus

Pruritic, violaceous papules with Wickham striae.

Histopathologic Features

Band-like lymphocyte infiltration in upper dermis.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk

Up to 5% of erosive lichen planus patients.

Localized Disease Treatment

High potency topical steroids for lichen planus.

Pimecrolimus

Topical treatment for erosive lichen planus.

Lichen Simplex Chronicus

Localized lichenification from habitual scratching.

Herald Patch

Initial lesion preceding pityriasis rosea eruption.

Christmas Tree Pattern

Lesions follow skin cleavage lines on trunk.

Self-Limiting Condition

Pityriasis rosea resolves in 6 to 12 weeks.

Koebner phenomenon

Lesions appear at sites of skin injury.

Plaque psoriasis

Common variant with red plaques and silvery scales.

Guttate psoriasis

Acute type with salmon pink papules.

Inverse psoriasis

Occurs in warm, moist areas like genitals.

Palmoplantar psoriasis

Thick plaques on palms and soles.

Erythrodermic psoriasis

Severe type affecting large body areas.

Auspitz sign

Minute blood droplets appear upon scale removal.

Chronic stable psoriasis

Localized lesions, often bilateral and symmetric.

Pruritus

Itching commonly associated with psoriasis lesions.

Psoriatic arthritis

Joint inflammation linked with psoriasis, often causing nail pitting.

Psoriasis Topical steroids

High potency creams used for limited psoriasis treatment.

Vitamin D analogs

Calcipotriene and calcitriol used in psoriasis management.

Phototherapy

UV light treatment effective for small plaque psoriasis.

Biologics

Targeted therapies like IL-23 and TNF-alpha inhibitors.

Malassezia furfur

Fungal proliferation associated with seborrheic dermatitis.

Selenium sulfide shampoo

Used for treating seborrheic dermatitis.

Zinc pyrithione

Antifungal agent in dermatitis treatment shampoos.

Ketoconazole shampoo

Antifungal used for seborrheic dermatitis management.

Systemic therapies

Medications for moderate to severe psoriasis treatment.

Occlusive dressings

Used to enhance topical treatment effectiveness.

Low potency glucocorticoid

Used for treating skin conditions like dermatitis.

Medicated shampoo

Shampoo containing active ingredients for scalp conditions.

Seborrheic dermatitis

Skin condition causing scaly patches and red skin.

Telangiectasia

Dilated capillaries causing small red or purple lesions.

Electrosurgery

Surgical technique using electrical current for treatment.

Intense pulsed light (IPL)

Light therapy for cosmetic skin treatments.

Laser treatment

Using focused light to treat skin lesions.

Sclerotherapy

Injection treatment for varicose veins and vascular lesions.

Hemangioma Common in?

Common infant tumor, often regresses in childhood.

Infantile hemangioma

Preferred term for various hemangioma types in infants.

Superficial hemangioma

Bright red lesions located close to the skin surface.

Deep hemangioma

Bluish lesions located deeper in the skin.

Cavernous hemangioma

Large, vascular lesions often requiring treatment.

Vascular bleeding

Bleeding due to abnormalities in blood vessels.

Petechiae

Small red spots <2 mm from bleeding.

Purpura size?

Larger red spots 2-10 mm from bleeding.

Ecchymosis

Bruising >10 mm from bleeding.

Senile purpura

Increased bruising in older adults from skin fragility.

Chronic venous insufficiency

Condition causing poor venous blood return in legs.

Venous ulcers

Common chronic wounds due to venous insufficiency.

Lipodermatosclerosis

Fibrosis of skin from chronic venous insufficiency.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Condition causing leg pain, worsens when standing.

Stasis Dermatitis

Skin inflammation in lower legs due to CVI.

Compression Stockings

Used to manage CVI; 20-30 mm Hg pressure.

Ulcer Management

Requires edema control and pressure application.

Unna Zinc Paste Boot

Used for ulcer treatment; changes every 2-3 days.

Vesiculobullous Disease

Characterized by blistering skin conditions.

Bullous Pemphigoid

Autoimmune disease with tense blisters, mainly in elderly.

Prodromal Eruption

Initial skin lesions before bullous pemphigoid blisters.

Nikolsky Sign

Skin easily separates upon lateral pressure.

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Severe autoimmune disease causing flaccid blisters.

Oral Mucosa Involvement

Initial site for pemphigus vulgaris lesions.

Immunosuppressants

Medications used to treat severe skin diseases.

Prednisone Pemphigus

Corticosteroid used for treating pemphigus vulgaris.

Doxycycline

Antibiotic used as corticosteroid-sparing therapy.

Hormonal Influence

Melasma commonly associated with pregnancy or contraceptives.

Fluid Imbalance

Common issue in pemphigus vulgaris due to ulcers.