6th Grade Final Exam Review

Flashcards for 6th Grade Final Exam Review

Ore

A rock that contains a metal or other useful mineral that can be mined and sold at a profit.

Smelting

The process that removes metal from ore after mining.

Crystal

The repeating pattern of a mineral's particles forms a solid called a(n)

Diamond

The hardest known mineral.

Fracture

A characteristic type of split in a mineral.

Luster

The term used to describe how light is reflected from a mineral’s surface.

Solutions (Minerals)

Minerals may form on Earth’s surface when solutions evaporate.

Talc

The softest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale.

Igneous Rock

Rock that forms from the cooling of magma below the surface or lava at the surface.

Metamorphic Rock Formation

Most metamorphic rock forms deep underground.

Extrusive Rock

Igneous rock that formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface

Deposition

The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it.

Metamorphic Rock Transformation

Heat and pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface can change any rock into metamorphic rock.

Rock Cycle

A series of processes on Earth's surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another.

Smelting

NOT one of the possible stages in the rock cycle.

Metamorphic Rock (Collision)

During the rock cycle, a collision between two continental plates could force one plate down toward the heat of the mantle, producing metamorphic rock.

Cementation

The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together is called

Compression

Which type of stress force produces reverse faults?

Anticline

A fold in rock that bends upward into an arch.

S Waves

Also known as secondary waves.

Seismograph

Records ground movements caused by seismic waves.

Plate Meeting (Earthquake Risk)

The risk of earthquakes is high along the Pacific coast of the United States because that’s where the Pacific and North American plates meet.

Stress (Rocks)

A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.

Strike-Slip Fault

Rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion.

Plateau

A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level.

Fault Locking

When friction between the opposite sides of a fault is high, the fault locks, and stress builds up until an earthquake occurs.

P Waves

Type of earthquake wave that can travel through both liquids and solids.

Earth Layers (Surface Inward)

Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.

Earth's Inner Core

A dense ball of solid metal.

Radiation

The transfer of energy through empty space.

Pangaea

The name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago.

Sonar

Technology used in the mid-1900s to map the mid-ocean ridge.

Sea-Floor Spreading

Molten material rises from the mantle and erupts along mid-ocean ridges.

Convection Currents

Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by convection currents in the mantle.

Plate Tectonics

Geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion.

Transform Boundary

A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions.

Earth's Mantle

A layer of hot rock.

Mountain Range Formation

A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary produces a mountain range.

Fossil

Any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock.

Mid-Ocean Ridges

Found in all of Earth’s oceans.

Convergent Boundary

The place where two plates come together.

Pipe

The long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber to Earth’s surface.

Pahoehoe

Fast-moving, hot lava.

Hot Spring

When groundwater heated by magma rises to the surface and collects in a natural pool.

Composite Volcanoes

Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash.

Lava Plateau

When many layers of thin, runny lava build up a high, level area.

Magma

Before lava reaches the surface, the molten material is called

Batholith

A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust.

Dormant (Volcano)

A volcano that may erupt again at some time in the distant future.

Caldera

The huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain.

Volcanic Neck

When magma hardens in a volcano's pipe, the result will eventually be a landform called

Dissolved Gases

Provide the force that causes magma to erupt to the surface.

Silica (Magma)

Helps to determine how easily magma flows.

Metric System Base

Based on the number 10.

Meter

The basic unit of length in the metric system.

Meters per Kilometer

There are 1,000 meters in a kilometer.

Kilogram

The basic metric unit of mass.

Weight vs Mass

Weight depends on the force of gravity.

Volume

The amount of space an object takes up.

Density Calculation

Divide its mass by its volume.

Second

The SI unit of time.

Estimate

If scientists cannot obtain exact numbers, they may rely on a(n)

Accuracy

The closeness of a measurement to its true value.

Median

The middle number in a set of data.

Observing

Using one or more of your senses to gather information.

Quantitative Observations

Observations that deal with a number or amount.

Qualitative Observations

Observations that deal with descriptions that cannot be expressed in numbers.

Inferring

Explaining or interpreting the things you observe based on reasoning from what you already know.

Predicting

Making a forecast of what will happen in the future based on past experience or evidence.

Classifying

When scientists put things into categories or group together items that are alike in some way.

Making Models

When scientists create a representation of a complex process, they are

Hypothesis

A possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question.

Testable Hypothesis

In science, a hypothesis must be testable.

Variables (Experiment)

Factors that must be controlled so that researchers can draw a logical conclusion from the experiment.

Manipulated Variable

During an experiment, if you purposely change the temperature to test a hypothesis, the temperature is called the

Responding Variable

The factor that may change in response to the manipulated variable is called the

Data Table

An organized way to collect and record scientific observations.

Conclusion (Experiment)

A summary of what you have learned from a scientific experiment.