KMK Mnemonics

PEPSI

things that cause angioid streaks

P = pseudoxanthoma elasticum

E = Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

P = Paget's disease

S = Sickle-cell disease

I = idiopathic (50%)

70% of angioid streaks have some form of vision loss

CHBALA

things that cause break in Bruch's membrane- CNVM

(choroidal neovascularization)

C = choroidal rupture

H = histoplasmosis

B = Best's disease

A = AMD

L = lacquer cracks

A = angioid streaks

DR VOS

Things that cause pre-retinal neovascularization or pre-ret/vit heme

D = diabetic retinopathy

R = retinopathy of prematurity

V = venous occlusion

O = ocular ischemic syndrome

S = sickle cell retinopathy

CL MS LSE

branches of the ophthalmic artery

C = CRA

L = lacrimal

M = muscula

S = SPCA

L = LPCA

S = suprachoroidal

E = ethmoidal

OPAM

branches of the ICA

O = ophthalmic

P = PCOM

A = anterior cerebral artery

M = middle cerebral artery

my pal gets his zzz's on the floor

bones of the orbital floor

maxillary

palatine

zygomatic

NOSPECS

grading system for thyroid ophthalmopathy

N = no signs or symptoms

O = only signs, no symptoms (Dalrymple's sign)

S = soft tissue involvement (lid edema, chemosis)

P = proptosis

E = EOM involvement (IMSLO)

C = corneal involvement (SLK, ulcer)

S = sight loss (nerve compression)

IMSLO

which muscles are affected first in thyroid eye disease

Inferior

Medial

Superior

Lateral

Obliques

CHAT

conditions that cause follicles

"have a chat with your follicles"

C = chlamydia

H = herpes

A = adenovirus

T = toxic (brimonidine, molluscum contagiosum)

pABillae

3 causes of papillae (non-specific spelling)

1. allergic

2. bacterial

3. non-specific (friction: GPC, CL wear, floppy lids)

UCRAP

HLA-B27 positive inflammatory diseases associated with non-granulomatous uveitis and episcleritis

U = ulcerative colitis

C = Crohns disease

R = reactive arthritis (Reiters)

A = ankylosing spondylitis

P = psoriatic arthritis

SyPhilis

salt and pepper fundus

Sal Y Pimienta

paranoid syndrome

Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome

paranoid of cats (cat-scratch fever/bartonella hensellae/quintana)

CASA

differentials for severe ocular pain

I don't want to get sued and lose my CASA

C = corneal pathology

A = anterior uveitis

S = scleritis

A = angle closure

TORCH

differentials for severe intellectual disability

T = toxoplasmosis

O = other

R = rubella

C = CMV

H = HIV

REM

conditions that cause RCE

R = Reis-Bucklers dystrophy

E = EBMD

M = Meesmans dystrophy

also three types of tearing

R = reflexive

E = emotional

M = maintenance (or basal tearing from accessory lacrimal glands - Krause, Wolfring)

Marilyn Monroe Got High in Los Angeles Southern California

causes of stromal corneal dystrophies

macular dystrophy = mucopolysaccharides

granular dystrophy = hyaline deposits

lattice dystrophy = amyloid deposits

Schynders dystrophy = cholesterol deposits

CNHL = Canadian National Hockey League

conditions that can penetrate and intact corneal epithelium

C = corynebacterium diphtheria

N = neisseria gonorrhea and meningitidis

H = haemophilus

L = listeria

MAD Wilson lacks calcium

conditions associated with pre-senile cataracts

Wilson is pissed because he got early-onset cataracts

M = myotonic dystrophy (Christmas tree cataracts)

A = atopic dermatitis

D = diabetes

Wilson's disease

hypocalcemia

also atopic dermatitis

To Find Small Ocular Melanomas Use Helpful Hints Daily

risk factors for uveal melanoma

T = thickness (elevation >2mm)

F = fluid (subretinal)

S = symptoms (floaters, blur)

O = orange pigment (overlying lipofuscin)

M = margins (irregular borders)

UH = ultrasound hollowness

H = halo absence

D = drusen absence

stARgardt's disease

autosomal recessive inheritance

T-DOME

systemic conditions associated with keratoconus

T = Turner syndrome

D = Down's syndrome

O = Osteogenesis imperfecta

M = Marfan's syndrome

E = Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

also atopic dermatitis, mitral valve prolapse, and sleep apnea

Fabry whorls his CHAI Tea

causes of Whorl keratopathy

F = Fabry's Disease

C = Chloroquine

H = Hydroxychloroquine

A = Amiodarone

I = Indomethacin

T = Tamoxifen

ABCDE

malignant melanoma evaluation

A = asymmetry

B = border irregularity

C = color difference

D = diameter (large)

E = enlarging

also Atropine Beware in Children, Downs, and Elderly

uncle Art and Herb driving in a Tacoma

late signs of trachoma

Arlt's lines = white scarring on superior conj

Herbert's pits = scars on limbal conj after follicle regression

Some People Can't Handle The Bull

conditions that cause bull's eye maculopathy

S = Stargardt's

P = progressive cone dystrophy

C = chloroquine

H = hydroxychloroquine

T = thioridazine

PTC

causes of PTC

P = pimples (accutane)

T = tetracyclines

C = contraceptives

NOA (Noah) sailed through to choose the right with his Flying Tree Limb up in FLighT

nerves that go through the CTR (common tendinous ring) vs those that go above

N = nasociliary (CNV1)

O = oculomotor (CN3)

A = abducens (CN6)

F = frontal (CNV1)

L = lacrimal (CNV1)

T = trochlear (CN4)

SMEL

medial bones in the orbit

S = sphenoid

M = maxilla

E = ethmoid

L = lacrimal

2, 2, 3, 4 all have sphenoid except the floor

Front-less

Great-Z

number of bones in each orbital wall

[roof, lateral, floor, medial]

roof = frontal, sphenoid lesser wing

lateral = zygomatic, sphenoid greater wing

floor = maxilla, palatine, zygomatic

medial = SMEL (sphenoid, maxilla, ethmoid, lacrimal)

3, 4, 6, V1, V2

V3 and 7 do not go through

nerves that do and do not go through the cavernous sinus

RPE, 2 outer, 2 inner, GNI

layers of the retina

RPE

PRL

ELM

ONL

OPL

INL

IPL

GCL

NFL

ILM

spheRules vs pediCles

Rods = spheRules

Cones = pediCles

Tiny Tina And Fat Vicky Got Vaginitis and Herpes

Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More

cranial nerves

sensory, motor, or both

1 = olfactory (S)

2 = optic (S)

3 = oculomotor (M)

4 = trochlear (M)

5 = trigeminal (B)

6 = abducens (M)

7 = facial (B)

8 = vestibulocochlear (S)

9 = glossopharyngeal (B)

10 = vagus (B)

11 = accessory spinal (M)

12 = hypoglossal (M)

have sympathy for the long dilators

sympathetics mooch on LPCN to dilator

sympathetic post-ganglionics are longer

SMIL(e)

orientation of fibers in optic tract

Superior = medial fibers

Inferior = lateral fibers

ACID

hypersensitivity reaction

1 = Anaphylactic (IgE, histamine)

2 = Cytotoxic (IgM, IgG)

3 = Immune-complex-mediated (Ag-Ab complexes)

4 = Delayed or cell-mediated (T cells)

TRAP

Parkinson's symptoms

T = tremor (pill-rolling)

R = rigidity

A = akinesia

P = postural instability

Fat old Crone Skipping down a Cobblestone road

creeping Fat, Skip lesions, and Cobblestone mucosa are seen in Crohn's but NOT ulcerative colitis

an ARtist should make more than $1.80

normal EOG Arden ratio

Treats Marrow Poorly

systemic side effects in dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors

T = trimethoprim

M = methotrexate

P = pyrimethamine

VIVA

drugs that cause NAION

V= Viagra

I = Immitrex

V = Vardenafil

A = Amiodarone

TB gives me IRE

Tuberculosis meds

I = Isoniazid

R = Rifampin (red tears)

E = Ethambutol (optic neuritis)

PEZBOP

AH/MCS combo drugs

P = Pataday

E = Elestat

Z = Zaditor

B = Bepreve

O = Optivar

P = Patanol

count the D's

types of Duane's syndrome

type 1 = limited abDuction

type 2 = limited aDDuction

type 3 = limited abDuction and aDDuction

MRSA Can Be Very Difficult

drugs that work against MRSA

C = clindamycin

B = bactrim

V = vancomycin

D = doxycycline

it's fun to drive a Saab

you culture fungus on Saboraud agar

I can't believe you would eat Coli

I can't believe you (acanthamoeba) would do that with your contact lenses

you culture acanthamoeba on E. Coli agar

FATBAT

6 things that cause emboli

F = fat (bone fracture)

A = air (pneumothorax)

T = thrombus (most common)

B = bacteria (endocarditis)

A = amniotic fluid

T = tumor

MONA

drugs for chest pain

M = morphine

O = oxygen

N = nitroglycerin

A = aspirin

ash city

ASH CT

longest to shortest cycloplegic/mydriatic effects for cholinergic antagonist drugs

A = atropine

S = scopolamine

H = homatropine

C = cyclopentolate

T = tropicamide

anti anti anti anti

ANTIcholinergic drugs that cause dry eye, mydriasis and increased IOP

(1) ANTIanxiety

(2) ANTIpsychotics

(3) ANTIdepressants

(4) ANTIhistamines

diazepam

chlorpromazine, thioridazine

amitriptyline, imipramine, phenelzine

promethazine, brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine

[Pro, B, C, D]

Ten% May Get A Bit Hairy

Phenyl 10% may get ugly and kill people

contraindications of phenyl 10%

T = tricyclic antidepressants

M = MAOI

G = Graves disease

A = atropine

B = bad heart

H = hypertensive crisis

CATS

drugs that cause PTC

C = contraceptives

A = accutane

T = tetracyclines

S = synthroid, sulfonamides, steroids

PAT

drugs to take on an empty stomach

P = penicillin

A = azithromycin

T = tetracyclines (except doxy)

FAT

drugs not to give in pregnancy

also most broad spectrum classes of drugs

F = fluoroquinolones

A = aminoglycosides

T = tetracyclines

PAC

drugs that are safe for pregnancy (packing a baby)

P = penicillins

A = azithromycin (most safe)

C = cephalosporin

RIBAViriN

side effects of RIBAViriN

R = retinal detachent

I = ischemia

B = bleeding

A = artery occlusion

V = vein occlusion

N = optic Neuritis

BAM

beta 1 specific drugs (not effective at lowering IOP)

BAM that was not effective

B = betaxolol (topical)

A = atenolol

M = metoprolol

I Can't Treat Pigment

drugs that cause pigmentary retinopathy

I = indomethacin

C = chloropromazine

T = thioridazine

P = promethazine

Ronald Mcdonald Is Visiting Ur X Girlfriend

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Radio

Microwave

Infrared

Visible

Ultraviolet

X-ray

Gamma

BUMM

for slab off prism to correct vertical imbalance

base up more minus

change the shape of the more minus lens so that the lower half has more BU

MRS DICE

drugs that cause optic neuritis

M = methotrexate

R = rifampin

S = sulfonamides, streptomycin

D = digoxin

I = isoniazid

C = chloramphenical, contraceptives

E = ethambutol

liver TRAPS

drugs that cause hepatotoxicity

T = tylenol

R = rifampin

A = acyclovir

P = plaquenil

S = statins

PiG on ACID

FLAT base

acidophil vs basophil hormones of the anterior pituitary

P = prolactin

G = growth hormone

F = follicle stimulating hormone

L = luteinizing hormone

A = ACTH

T = thyroid stimulating hormone

Give Her CAB

order of development for retinal cells

(RPE)

Ganglion

Horizontal

Cones

Amacrine

Bipolar

(Rods)

(Muller)

saCCades and Pursuits

saCCades = Contralateral FEF/superior ColliCulus

Pursuits = iPsilateral Parietal lobe

EFJAC

because Jack sucks

and those are the layers of the lens

E = embryonic nucleus

F = fetal nucleus

J = juvenile nucleus

A = adult nucleus

C = cortex

STOP making me myopic with your drugs

drugs that cause a myopic shift

S = sulfonamides

T = topiramate, thiazides

O = oral CAIs

P = pilocarpine

SLIM

EOMs that insert from furthest to closest to the limbus

S = SR

L = LR

I = IR

M = MR

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

most to least common WBCs in the bloodstream

N = neutrophils

L = lymphocytes

M = monocytes

E = eosinophils

B = basophils

GFR, salt, sugar, sex

what is produced in each layer of the adrenal cortex

G = zonula Glomerulosa = aldosterone (mineralcorticoid = salt)

F = zonula Fasciculata = cortisol (glucocorticoid = sugar)

R = zonula Reticularis = androgen (sex)

SAD

actions for three different types of epithelium

S = secretion (cuboidal)

A = absorption (columnar)

D = diffusion (squamous)

Cute Ladies Get Smart Boys

layers of the skin from superficial to deep

C = corneum

L = lucidum

G = granulosum

S = spinosum

B = basale