Savanna Raica chapter 5- Osteology

what are the 5 major functions of the skeletal system

support, protection, movement, mineral storage of Ca and PO, and production of blood cells.

what are the 2 most protection organs of the body

the brain and spinal cord

what are ligaments

they support / hold the bone together

what are tendons

they tie muscles with the bone

what dose hematopoiesis mean 

the creation of blood

which part of the body are most active in producing blood cells in adults

vertebrae, sternum, and the rib

what is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton

the axial is only about the inner part of the body, and the appendicular is about the outer part of the body

how many bones are in the skull

29

how many bones are in the vertebrae column

26

how many bones are in the ribcage

24

how many total bones are in the axial skeleton

80

how many total bones are in the appendicular skeleton

126

how many total bones are in the human body

206

what are sutures

a non-v=moveable joints between bones

what are fontanels

a soft spot on the skull

what dose para-mean

with

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses

frontal air, maxillary, ethmoidal air, and the sphenoidal sinuses

what dose the auditory tubes connected to 

Eustachian canals (auditory tubes) open into the throat

what are the 3 ossicles 

malleus, incus, and the stapes 

what 2 things cause facial growth 

the teeth and the sinuses 

What does congenital mean

With brith

what is achondroplastic dwarfism

a deficiency in growth hormone as children (classical dwarfic)

what is a cleft lip

partial or complete failure of palatine processed of the maillage

how frequent is cleft lip

½ of 500 birth

what does dactyly mean

digits

what is spina bifida

incomplete fusion of the vertebral (neural) arches of the vertebrae

what is a club foot

sole of foot that turned inward at the ankle (2 X more common in males)

what is congenital hip dislocation

a condition where the hip joint is abnormally formed or positioned at birt

what is ricketts

decreased calcium content in intercellular matrix of bone tissue

what are the symptoms of rickets

softening of bones leading to scoliosis and bowed legs

cause of rickets

usually in children deficient in vitamin D

what is osteoporosis

decreased calcium content in intercellular matrix of bone tissue

what is acromegaly

increased thickening of bones

what are the symptoms of osteoporosis

brittle bones easily broken

what cause otseoporosis

usually in elderly after menopause in women

what is the name of the disorder that cause the excess growth hormone in children  

Gigantism

simple fracture look

skin dose not break

how do compound fracture look

skin breaks

what are incomplete fractures

stress and green stick

comminuted fractures

shattered

what are osteomas

begins

what is osteosarcoma

malignant

what is the description of a fissure

narrow slit between adjacent parts of bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass.

what is osteomas

benign (non-cancerous) bone tumors that typically form in the skull, jaw, long bones (such as the femur and tibia), or ribs

what is the description of a foramen 

opening through which the blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass through

what is a meatus

tubelike opening

what are paranasal sinuses

hollow, air-filled cavities located within the bones of the face and skull, surrounding the nasal cavity

what is a grives or sulcus

furrow along bone surfaces that accommodate blood vessels, nerves, or tendons

what is a fossa

shallow depression

Where is the frontal bone

the front part of your head

what are supraorbital foramina

nerve and the blood vessels

what is the zygomatic process of the frontal bone 

portions of frontal bone that articulates with the zygomatic (cheek) bone 

what is the occipital bone

the back of the bone

what are the external occipital protuberances

a bony lump on the back of the skull where neck muscles and the nuchal ligament attach

where can you only find the frontal suture 

visible only on the fetal skull

what happens at the occipital condyle

spine meets the head

what goes through the foramen Magnum 

the vertebral arteries 

what are verbal arteries

the conduct blood to the brain

what do the grooves for sigmoid sinus do

they conduct blood through the jugular formains into the internal jugular veins

what is the bone area around the external auditory meatus 

temporal bone

where is the mastoid air sinus located

in the mastoid ( rock-like) process 

what is the medical term for the ear canal

external auditory meatus

what passes through the jugular foramen

the internal jugular veins

what dose styloid process mean 

needle like 

what does mastoid process mean

a pyramidal bony projection of the temporal bone

where is the maxilla

in the opening below the orbits (eye socket)

what is alveolar process 

the tooth sockets they has the incisors,canines, premolars, and the molars 

what is the zygomatic process

portion of maxilla the articulates with the zygomatic (cheek) bone

what does crista galli mean

rooster comb

what does crista galli located

the superior portion of the ethmoid bone that projects into the cranial cavity

what are olfactory foramina 

the tiny holes in the skull's cribriform plate that act as a passage for the olfactory nerves to connect the nasal cavity to the brain

what is in the sella turcica

turkish saddle

what is the pituitary gland known as

the master gland

what is in the sella turcica

the pituitary gland

what goes through the occpitc canal

the optic nerves and ophthalmic arteries

what goes through the foramen rotubdum 

the maxillary branch and trigeminal nerves 

what goes through the foramen lacerum

internal carotid arteries

what is the pterygoid process

pair of long, bony plates that extend downward from the base of the sphenoid bone in the skull

how many bones make up the nasal bone

2 thin bones

where are lacrimal bone

on the medial wall of the orbit, or eye socket,

what goes through the nasolacrimal canal 

where excess tears pass down to the nasal cavities 

what is a hard palate

the root of the mouth

what bone forms the nasal septum

vomer ( plow -share) bone

what dose septum mean 

wall

what is the body of the mandible

the chin region

what goes through the mental foramen

nerves and blood vessels

what dose ramus mean

branch

what is the condyloid process mean

the part of the mandible (lower jaw) that connects to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), allowing you to open, close, and move your jaw

what forms the temporomandibular joint

the temporal bone

where is the hyoid bone located

between the mandible and the larynx (voice box)

what dose the hyoid bone connected to 

styloid process of the temporal bone (via ligaments)

What 2 things make up the vertebra (neural) arch

the pedicles and the laminae

what is the spinous process

serves for the attachment of ligaments and muscles

what goes through the vertebral foramen

the spinal cord

what is a laminectomy

surgical removal of the spine to remove the lamina

what are intervertebral foramina

the holes form between the articulating vertebrae

what goes through the intervertebral foramina

the spinal nerves that branch off the spinal cord

what 3 tissues make up the meninges

Pura mater (tough mater) Arachromembrain ( spider web) and the Pia mater ( delicate mother - most closet to the brain)

what is meningitis

The inflammation of the mangies( very serious bacterial / virial infection diagnose by spinal tape)

what is a herniated disc

a sudden severe pressure on the disc can cause it to rupture