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PROGRAM CONTRAL INSTRUCTIONS
direct the flow of a program and allow the flow to Change.
JUMP (BMP)
The main program control instruction, allows the programmer to skip sections of a program and branch to any part of the memory for the next instruction.
CONDITIONAL JUMP
allows the programmer to make decisions based upon numerical tests.
FLAG BITS
The results. of numerical tests are held
short jump
near jump
- Far jump
THREE TYPES OF UNCONDITIONAL JUMP INSTRUCTIONS
SHORT JUMP
- is a 2 byte instruction that allows jumps or branches to memory location within +127 and -128 Following bytes from the address the jump.
NEAR JUMP
The 3 byte allows a branch or jump within ± 32k bytes from the instruction in the current code segment.
fAR JUMP
The s byte allows a jump to any memory location within the real memory system
INTRASEGMENT JUMPS
short and near jumps are often called
INTERSEGMENT JUMPS
Far jumps are often called
SHORT JUMP (2)
are called relative jumps
SHORT JUMP (2)
because they can be moved, along with their relative software, to any location in in the current code segment without change.
SHORT JUMP DISPLACEMENT
- is a distance represented by a 1-byte signed numbers whose value ranges between +127 and -128
LABEL
a symbolic name for a memory address
NEAR JUMP
similar to the short jump, except that the distance is Farther
NEAR JUMP
it passes control to an instruction in the current code segment located within 132K bytes jump instructions,
EXTERNAL LABELS
appears in programs that contain more then one program file
INDIRECT JUMP
it can also use as as, 16 or 32 bit register as an operaand This will automatically as
CONDITIONAL JUMP
are always short jump in the 8086 through the microprocessor.
sign
-carry
-overflow
-parrity
CONDITIONAL FLAG BITS
Jg
JGE
-JE
- JL
-JLE
- JNE
SIONED NUMBERS ARE COMPARED
( greater than less than)
JA
- JAB
- JE
JB
- JBE
-JNE
UNSIGNEDC ABOVE & BELOW)
CONDITIONAL GET INSTRUCTIONS
Addition to the conditional jump instructions.
LOOP
is a combination OF a decrement ex and JNZ conditional jump.
WHILE
used with a condition to begin the loop
ENDW
ends the loop
REPEAT UNTIL CONSTRUCT
A series of instructions is repeated until some condition occurs.
REPEAT
defines the start Of the loop
UNTIL CX2 instruction
available that uses the Loop instructions
to check CX For a repeat loop.
UNTIL CX2 instruction
used to add the contents of byte-sized array ONE to byte size ARRAY TWO
PROCEDURE (subroutine, method, or function
is an important part of any computer system's architecture
PROCEDURE (subroutine, method, or function
is a group of instructions that usually performs one task
PROCEDURE (subroutine, method, or function
-is a reusable section of the software that is stored in memory once,
CALL Instructions
-it pushes the address of the instruction following the return address on the stack
PROC DIRECTIVES
The procedure begin with this
END DIRECTIVES
END DIRECTIVES
NEAR Or FAR
The PROC directive is followed by the type of procedure.
USES STATEMENT
allows any number of registers to be automatically pushed to the stack and popped from the stack within the procedure
NEAR RETURN
removes a 16 bit number from the stack and places into the instruction pointer to return from the procedure in the curent code segment.
fAR RETURN
removes a 32 bit number from the stack and places it into both Ip and CS to return from the procedure to any memory location
HARDWARE-GENERATED CALL
externally derived from a hardware signal
SOFTWARE -GENERATED CALL
internally derived From the execution OF on instruction or by some other internal event.
EXCEPtion
an internal interrupt is called
INTERUPT VECTOR
is a 4 byte number stored in the first 1024 bytes of the memory when the microprocessor operates in the real mode
INT, INTO, INT3
The microprocessor has 3 different interrupt instructions that are available to the program.
INTS (Interrupt instructions
INTS (Interrupt instructions
IRET/IRETD Interrupt return instructions)
is used only with software or hard ware interrupt service procedure
INT 3
is a interrupt special software interuppt designed to Function as a breakpoint.
BREAKPOINT
occurs For any software interuppt.
helps to debug Faulty soptare
INTO (Interrupt on overflow)
is a conditional soptware interrupt that tests the overflow.
INTO (Interrupt on overflow)
appears in software that adds or subtract Signed binary number.
sET INTERRUPT FLAG CLEAR INTERRUPT
These instructions. control the INTR pin
SET INTERRUPT FLAG (STI
places a 1 into the Flag I Flag bit, which enables the INTR pin.
•CLEAR INTERRUPT FLAG (CLI)
places a O into the Iflag bit, which disables the INTR pin
MACHINE CONTROL and MISCELLANEOUS
These instructions provide control of the carry bit.
STC (set carry), cic (clear (arry), CMC (complement carry)
3 instructions control the contents of the carry Flag.
by an interrupt
- by a hardware reset
during a DMA operation
3 WAYS TO EXIT A HALT
NOPC No operation)
often used to pad soptware with space For future machine language
BOUND
is a comparison instruction that may cause an interrupt.