Studied by 14 people
spleen
Only lymphoid organ that specifically filters blood
spleen
abdominal organ with both immune andnon-immune functions
Lymph nodes
encapsulated immune organs distributed along lymphatic vessels
lymph node
what secondary lymphoid tissue?
transient MALT
what secondary lymphoid tissue?
peyer’s patches
what secondary lymphoid tissue?
MALT
immune cells diffusely distributed throughout linings \n (mucosa) of digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts
recycling of old RBCs
additional non-immune function of spleen
intermingled red and white pulp
interior of spleen
capsule
outer region of spleen
RBC recycling
function of red pulp
immune fuction
fuction of white pulp
stave cells
specialized cells that line sinuses in the spleen to create gaps
healthy
what type of rbcs are inside sinusoids?
red pulp, white pulp
1 and 2
sinusoid, stave cells
identify the outlined spleen structure and the cells in it
digestion and nutrient absorption
fuctions of digestive system
GI tract
long, continuous, compartmentalized tube \n through which food moves
oral mucosa
– Tissues lining the inside of the mouth (inner lips, \n cheeks, palates) \n – Consists of epithelium and underlying CT
stratified squamous non-keratinized
what type of epithelium in the oral mucosa?
loose ct then dense irregular ct w/ structures
underlies epitheium in oral mucosa
mechanical breakdown of food and sense of taste
fuction of tongue
skeletal
internal muscle in tounge
papillae
line dorsal surface of tounge to assist w/ food breakdown and taste
alternating perpendicular layers
how are the fascicles of the tongue arranged to allow movement in multiple directions?
lingual tonsils
occupies posterior third of toungue
filliform
-papillae that are pointed for friction during chewing; most abundant
– No taste buds
fungiform
Abundant papillae, rounded tops, with taste buds
Vallate
– Large, only 8-12, at back of tongue \n – Abundant taste buds and salivary glands
foliate
papillae on sides of tongue \n – Rounded; with tastebuds
filiform
what type of papillae have partially keratinized epithelium?
fungiform have taste buds on top, foliate have them on the sides
how do foliate and fungiform papillae differ structurally?
vallate
what type of papillae have moats along their sides?
taste receptor cells
taste bud cells that sense flavor through microvilli and generate signal; larger nuclei
basal cells
act as stem cells; smaller and located at bottom of taste bud
pore
opening that allows taste receptor cells access tofood
nerve
transmits info from taste bud to brain
filiform
what type of papillae?
vallate
what type of papillae?
foliate
what type of papillae?
fungiform
what type of papillae?
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
four layers always present in GI tract (inner to outer)
epithelium, lamina propria (loose ct), muscularis mucosum
what makes up the mucosa layer of GI tract
thin layer of smooth muscle in mucosa
what is the muscularis mucosum?
dense irregular CT and embedded strusctures
components of submucosa
smooth muscle layers
what makes up the muscularis externa
outer mesothelium, connects to hold organs in place
what is the serosa
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
layers of GI tract
carry food from oral cavity to stomach
primary function of esophagus
non-keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium found in esophagus mucosa
mucous glands
glands embedded in esophagus submucosa
mucous glands
– Lined with simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium with pale staining secretions, ducts connect to lumen \n –helps lubricate food and protect epithelium
top of esophagus muscularis
where might you find skeletal muscle in the GI tract?
2
how many layers typically present in esophageal muscularis
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa
name the esophageal layers (inside to outside)
chemical and mechanical digestion, storage of food
stomach functions
cardiac, fundic, body, pyloric
4 regions of stomach
thick, layered smooth muscle for mechanical digestion
characteristics of stomach muscularis, why?
rugae
folds in stomach submucosa that can stretch to increase stomach size
gastric pits
glands in stomach mucosa
chemical digestion
function of stomach mucosa glands/ secretory cells
pits, glands
Stomach epithelium is flat on top, but has invaginations called gastric _________ that lead to g______
cardiac and pyloric stomachs, they don’t contribute to chemical digestion, only produce mucous
which stomach regions have less extensive pits and glands? why?
surface mucous cells
-Line the gastric pits \n – Pronounced columnar shape \n – Mucous secretions will result in lightly staining cytoplasm
mucous neck cells
-Located in isthmus/neck, and less columnar than surface cells
-light staining cytoplasm form mucous secretion
parietal cells
-Located in neck and gastric glands \n – Secrete HCl into lumen for chemical digestion, and bicarbonate ions into submucosa to neutralize pH
acidophilic due to lots of mitochondria
staining of parietal cell and why
acidophilic and non-polarized with central nuclei
Appearance of parietal cells
secrete digestive enzymes for chemical digestion
function of chief cells
Basophilic and polarized
Appearance of chief cells
surface mucous cells, parietal cells, chief cells
1, arrows, 2
chemical digestion, nutrient absorption
small intestine functions
plica
permenant folds in walls of small intestine that increase surface area
villi
intestine projections towards lumen to increase SA with internal structure formed by lamina propria
microvillae
projections from apical surface of epithelial cells to increase surface area
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, plicae, villae
1,2,3,4,5
crypts
invaginations at bases of villi
Note 
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