Physical Science Exam

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Matter in which particles are arranged in repeating geometric patterns, and has a definite volume and a definite shape

Solid

A gas-like mixture with no definite volume or shape that is made up of positively and negatively charged particles

Plasma

Matter that has definite volume but no shape

Liquid

Matter in which the particles are free to move in all directions until they have spread evenly throughout their container

Gas

Most matter ____ when heated

expands

Liquids which keep some ordered structure

Liquid crystals

Who was the SI unit of pressure named for

Blasie Pascal

The amount of energy needed to change a material from the solid state to the liquid state is the heat of

Fusion

The amount of energy needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas is the heat of

Vaporization

The pressure of a gas will increase as the volume of the container decreases provided temperature does not change

Boyle’s Law

The idea that the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature provided the pressure does not change

Charles’s Law

The buoyant force on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

Archimedes’ Principle

Pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid

Pascal’s Principle

Whether an object will sink or float in a fluid

Archimedes’ Principle

As a sample of matter is heated, its particles ___

move more quickly

The equation P₁V₁ = constant P₂V₂

Boyle’s Law

The idea stating matter is made up of small particles that are in constant motion

The kinetic theory of matter

The particles that make up a solid move ___ than do the particles that make up a gas

more slowly

In applying Charles’s law, temperature must be on the ___ scale

Kelvin

When water is frozen it ____

Expands

As the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases

Bernoulli’s Principle

If the buoyant force of a fluid is less than the weight of the object floating in it, the object will ___

Sink

A hydraulic lift is used to lift a heavy machine that is pushing on a 7.6 m² piston with a force of 1450 N. What force needs to be exerted on a 0.0048 m² piston to lift the machine

1 N

A balloon has a volume of of 10 L at a pressure of 110 kPa. What will be the new volume when the pressure drops to 50 kPa?

22.0 L

A computer is sitting on a desk. The computer contacts the desk over an area of 0.07 m². If the computer weighs 25 N, what is the pressure the computer exerts on the desk?

357 Pa

The force which supports objects in fluids

Buoyant force

Solids that gradually soften and turn into a liquid over a temperature range

Amorphous solids

Random spreading of molecules

Diffusion

A fluid’s resistance to flow

Viscosity

The mass per unit volume

Density

Where is the one place you might find matter in the state of plasma?

Sun, stars, auroras

According to Archimedes’ principle, what will happen if the buoyant force of a fluid is more than or equal to the weight of an object placed in the fluid?

The object will float

Smoke is an example of a ____

Colloid

When two or more substances are combined so that each substance maintains its original properties

Mixture

The scattering of light by colloids

The Tyndall Effect

_____ is another name for homogeneous mixture

Solution

Three examples of physical change

Boiling water, bursting a balloon, and sharpening a pencil

______ is NOT a homogeneous

Suspension

Is the best indication that a chemical reaction has occurred

Producing a new substance

Distillation can separate dissolved substances through ______

Physical changes

Can be separated into simpler parts through differences in physical properties

Mixture

When two or more elements are combined so that each element is bonded to the other element forming a completely new substance with new properties

Compound

The law that describes the relationship between the mass of the substances entering into a chemical reaction and the mass of the substances resulting from that reaction

Law of Conservation of Mass

Matter is classified as ______ and mixtures

Substances

The substance calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) is an example of a

Compound

Any characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the identity of the substances that make up the material

Physical Property

Compounds are made from the atoms of two or more ______

Elements

A solution is a type of _______ mixture

Homogeneous

A mixture in which different materials are easily identified

Heterogeneous

Is a mixture that has large particles that do not settle out of the liquid

Colloid

Is a heterogeneous mixture in which visible particles settle

Suspension

Is a process that can separate two liquids using their boiling points

Distillation

Muddy water

Heterogeneous

Blood

Homogeneous

Distilled water

Homogeneous

Chocolate Chip ice cream

Heterogeneous

Saline Solution

Homogeneous

Size of an object

Physical Property

Sharpening a pencil

Physical Change

Flammability of a substance

Chemical Property

Boiling water

Physical change

Freezing point

Physical Property

Formation of water when hydrogen burns

Chemical change

Each energy level of an atom has a maximum number of ____ it can hold

Electrons

Dot diagrams are used to represent _____

Outer electrons

Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons

Quarks

A chemical symbol represents the ____ of an element

Name

The horizontal rows of elements

Periods

Vertical columns of elements

Groups

The number of protons in an atom

Atomic number

The center of the atom where protons and neutrons are located

Nucleus

A total count of the neutrons and protons in an atom

Mass number

Atoms of the same element but with different numbers of neutrons

Isotopes

Elements that have some properties of both metals and nonmetals

Metalliod

Particles that move around the nucleus and have a negative charge

Electrons

A chart that shows the classification of elements

Periodic table

Is Neon a metal, nonmetal, or metalliod?

Nonmetal

What is the atomic number for the element Barium?

56

What element is in group 7 and period 4

Manganese

What is the element symbol for the element Iron?

Fe

How many electron levels are present in an atom of fluorine?

2

How many electrons are present in an atom of fluorine?

9

How many electrons are in the outer energy level of fluorine

7

Why are the elements in group 18 stable?

They have 8 valence electrons so it won’t react

The element Boron has two isotopes, boron-10 and boron-11. Which isotope is more abundant?

Boron-11 is more abundant because it is closer to the average atomic mass

(On the Exam) Draw the electron dot diagram for fluorine

The elements in Groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table

Transition elements

All synthetic elements ____

Are not typically found on Earth

In the gaseous state ____ form diatomic covalent molecules

Halogens

Metals can be used as a wire because they are ____

Ductile

Any element with an atomic number greater than 92

Transuranium element

Elements that lie along the stair-step line of the periodic table

Metalliods

Hydrogen is grouped with the alkali metals because it ______

has one electron in its outer energy level

A group of elements that has two electrons in its outer energy level

Alkali metals

Bromine is the only halogen and nonmetal that is ____ at room temperature

Liquid

Molecule that consists of two atoms of the same element

Diatomic

Elements in Group 2 are Alkali ______ metals

Earth

Element in Group 1

Alkali

Different forms of same element with different molecular structures

Allotropes

Able to be hammered or rolled into sheets

Malleable