biology-botany

plant cell

regular shape.

animal cell

irregular shape.

large vacuole

where the plant stores food and water.

chloroplast

organelle where photosynthesis occurs in a plant cell.

cell membrane

controls what enters and leaves the cell.

nucleus

contains the cell's genes and controls the cell's growth and reproduction.

endoplasmic reticulum

a network of membranes inside a cell which proteins and molecules move.

mitochondria

an organelle that generates most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.

cell wall

provides the plant cell with shape and support.

anther

hold the pollen that contains the male sex cell.

carpel

the female sex organ of a flower.

capillary action

the ability of thin columns of water to be pulled in a way without breaking. caused by the attractive forces between water molecules in the liquid.

excretion

release of waste made in cells.

flower

the reproductive organ of some plants.

fruit

structure containing seeds.

fertilisation

the joining/ fusing of male and female gametes (sex cells).

germination

growth of a plant seed embryo.

cotyledon

the first part of a plant to emerge from the seed formed within the seed along with the endosperm.

chlorophyll

green pigment found in chloroplasts that can absorb light.

dispersal

to get the seeds away from the parenting parent so there is no competition for sunlight nutrients water and space.

guard cells

these cells are located either side of the stomata and are able to expand and contract.

iodine

is used to test for the presence of starch, goes a bluey black colour.

organism

a living plant or animal.

organelle

a microscopic structure within a living cell.

ovule

the female plant sex cell.

ovary

where the female sex cells are made and stored.

pollen

the male plant sex cells.

pollination

the process of taking pollen from one flower to another.

phloem

moves glucose from the leaves to the rest of the plant in all directions.

palisade cells

top layer of a leaf where most photosynthesis takes place.

photosynthesis

a process by which plants turn light energy into chemical energy.

plumule

first shoot of a germinating seed.

respiration

once plants make food in their leaves they use it to produce energy.

seed

the embryo of a plant

stamen

the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.

stigma

female plant reproductive part that receives the pollen.

stomata

pore-like opening on the leaf that allow gases to diffuse into and out the leaf and lets carbon dioxide into the leaf and lets out the oxygen.

testa

the protective outer covering of a seed.

transpiration

the loss of water from a plant, particularly the lamina.

xylem

moves water and minerals from the roots to the leaves,

osmosis

water moving from high to low concentrations through the cell membrane.

radical

a new root

respiration

The process where plants use glucose from photosynthesis and oxygen to create energy for growth.

zygote

first cell after fertilisation.