Immunity Lecture

These flashcards cover key concepts related to immunity, including definitions of types of immunity, cells involved, and responses to pathogens.

Innate Immunity

The body's built-in natural defense system that protects immediately against invaders without prior exposure.

Adaptive Immunity

A part of the immune system that specifically targets pathogens and remembers them for faster responses in the future.

Self Antigens

Proteins on the surface of cells that the body recognizes and usually does not attack.

Non-Self Antigens

Foreign substances, like bacteria and viruses, recognized by the immune system as invaders.

Immunodeficiency

A weakened immune system that cannot respond effectively to infections.

Autoimmunity

An immune response that leads to inflammation and damage to the body’s own tissues.

Hypersensitivity

An exaggerated immune response to antigens that may cause tissue damage.

Cytokines

Chemical signals produced by white blood cells that regulate and coordinate the immune response.

Natural Killer Cells (NK cells)

A type of immune cell that directly attacks and kills infected or abnormal cells.

T Cells

Lymphocytes that play a central role in cell-mediated immunity, originating from the thymus.

B Cells

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies and are involved in humoral immunity.

Plasma Cells

Mature B cells that produce specific proteins called antibodies.

Immunoglobulins

Proteins made by plasma cells that function as antibodies to identify and neutralize pathogens.

Type I Hypersensitivity

An immediate allergic reaction involving IgE and mast cells, causing symptoms like hives and bronchospasm.

Type II Hypersensitivity

A transfusion reaction where incompatible blood cells are attacked by the immune system.

Type III Hypersensitivity

Occurs when immune complexes accumulate in tissues and tissues become dysfunctional, associated with diseases like lupus.

Type IV Hypersensitivity

Delayed hypersensitivity initiated by T lymphocytes, causing reactions like contact dermatitis.

Active Immunity

Immunity acquired when the body actively makes its own antibodies after exposure to an antigen.

Passive Immunity

Immunity gained from the transfer of premade antibodies, providing immediate but short-term protection.