Komunikasyon at Pananaliksik sa Wika at Kulturang Pilipino – Review Flashcards

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering definitions, theories, language characteristics, historical milestones, language policies, varieties, and functional uses of language for KOMPANA exam review.

What is the Latin root of the word “communication” and what does it mean?

The Latin root is “communicare,” meaning “to share.”

According to Semorlan (1997), how is communication defined?

A process of exchanging information through a common system of symbols.

List the five basic elements in the communication process.

Sender – Message – Channel – Receiver – Feedback.

What is the primary goal of communication?

Mutual understanding between people.

Which biblical story explains the diversification of human language?

The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1-8).

Describe the Bow-Wow theory of language origin.

Human speech imitated natural sounds from animals and nature (e.g., thunder, wind).

What does the Ding-Dong theory propose?

Objects have inherent sounds representing themselves (e.g., bells, clocks).

Which theory links language to human emotions such as cries of pain or joy?

Pooh-Pooh theory.

What is the central idea of the Yo-He-Ho theory?

Language sounds arose from physical effort and coordinated work chants.

Which language-origin theory ties speech to ritual chants and dances?

Tarara-Boom-De-Ay theory.

What does the Tata theory suggest about language formation?

Speech evolved from hand gestures copied by the tongue; ‘ta-ta’ in French means goodbye.

State the key point of the Eureka theory.

Language is deliberately invented by humans (e.g., Jejemon slang).

According to Charles Darwin (Lieberman, 1975), why did language diversify?

Human struggle for survival forced creation of various languages.

Give Gleason’s (Austero et al., 1999) basic definition of language.

A systematic structure of spoken sounds arranged arbitrarily into meaningful symbols (letters) forming words.

Name the smallest unit of sound in language.

Phoneme (ponema).

What linguistic term refers to the smallest meaningful unit of a word?

Morpheme.

Differentiate semantics and syntax in language study.

Semantics concerns meaning among words; syntax concerns sentence structure.

What does it mean when we say language is ‘arbitrary’?

Word meanings are based on social convention within a speech community.

Why is language described as dynamic or ever-changing?

It adapts to cultural shifts, technology, and new ideas, expanding vocabulary and altering meanings.

In what year was Pilipino first declared the national language?

1959 (Ferdinand Marcos era, Art. 15 Secs. 2-3).

When did the Constitution officially adopt Filipino as the national language?

1987 Constitution, Article XIV Section 6 (Corazon Aquino).

How many letters are in the modern Filipino alphabet?

28 letters.

Name three letters added to the original Tagalog Abakada.

Examples: C, F, J, Ñ, Q, V, X, Z (any three).

List any four of the eight major Philippine languages other than Tagalog.

Possible answers: Kapampangan, Hiligaynon, Bicol, Cebuano, Waray, Ilocano, Pangasinense (any four).

Define ‘Wikang Pambansa.’

The national language representing the nation; the official language designated by the government for identity and discourse.

What are the two official languages (Wikang Opisyal) of the Philippines today?

Filipino and English.

What is ‘Wikang Panturo’?

The medium of instruction in schools; currently Filipino and English plus MTB-MLE in early grades.

Explain Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE).

Using learners’ first language to teach all subjects from Grades 1-3 (except Filipino and English) to improve cognition and cultural awareness.

Differentiate first, second, and third language.

First: language acquired from birth; Second: language learned after mastering L1; Third: additional languages learned later, often for specific needs.

Define bilingualism.

Ability to use two languages for communication.

What is multilingualism?

Ability to use more than two languages; e.g., Jose Rizal knew about 22 languages.

Give an example of pidgin language usage in the Philippines.

“You go there sa banyo” – mixed English–Filipino with simplified grammar (Carabao English).

What is a creole language, and give a Philippine example.

A stable language arising from mixing parent languages; example: Chavacano (Spanish-based creole).

Define ‘sosyolek’ and provide one illustration.

Social dialect tied to class/gender; e.g., Bekimon: “Ang chaka ng fez ng jowabels mo.”

How does ‘dayalek’ differ from ‘idyolek’?

Dayalek is regional variety; idyolek is an individual’s unique speech style.

What is ‘ekolek’?

Family-based words/phrases used within the household, e.g., ‘mudra’ for mother.

What is meant by ‘etnolek’?

Terms native to an ethnolinguistic group, e.g., ‘vakúul’ (Ivatan headgear).

Name Halliday’s seven functions of language.

Instrumental, Regulatory, Interactional, Personal, Heuristic, Informative, Imaginative.

Which language function involves giving orders or making requests?

Instrumental function.

What language function aims to control or guide others’ behavior?

Regulatory function.

Giving greetings and maintaining social bonds illustrate which function?

Interactional function.

Expressing emotions or opinions showcases which language function?

Personal function.

When language is used to seek information or research, what function is at work?

Heuristic function.

Reporting news or presenting facts aligns with which language function?

Informative (Imparting) function.

What does the imaginative function of language allow speakers to do?

Create stories, poems, or fictional scenarios (kathang-isip).

State two key reasons English was imposed during the American period (1901).

1) Spread public education; 2) Shape Filipino thinking toward U.S. language and culture.

Which 1937 executive order declared Tagalog the basis of the national language?

Executive Order No. 134 signed by President Manuel L. Quezon.

Summarize the 1967-1968 Executive Order 96 by President Marcos.

Mandated that all government buildings and offices be named in Pilipino, and official letterheads contain Pilipino text.

What is meant by ‘Lingua Franca,’ and what is the Philippine and global example?

Bridge language for mutual understanding; Philippine Lingua Franca: Filipino; Global Lingua Franca: English.