Chapter 1 - Intro to the Human Body

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 42

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

43 Terms

1

Anatomy definition

the science of what body structures are & the relationships among them (structure)

New cards
2

Physiology definition

the science of the body functions and how the body works (function)

New cards
3

Levels of organization (smallest to largest)

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations of one species, ecosystem of different species, biosphere

<p>atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations of one species, ecosystem of different species, biosphere</p>
New cards
4

integumentary system functions

protection, water retention, thermoregulation, makes vitamin D, detects sensations, stores fat/provides insulation

New cards
5

skeletal system functions

support/protection, provides SA for muscle attachments, aids body movements, stem cells that produce blood cells, stores minerals and lipids

New cards
6

muscular system function

participates in movements, maintains posture, produces heat

New cards
7

nervous system functions

nerve impulses reg. body activities, detects changes in the body's internal and external environments, interprets changes, & responds by causing contractions or glandular secretions

New cards
8

endocrine system functions

regs. body activities by releasing hormones (chem messengers transported in blood from endocrine gland or tissue to target organ)

New cards
9

cardiovascular system functions

heart pumps blood through vessels, blood carries nutrients & O2 to cells & CO2 & wastes away from cells & helps reg. acid-base balance, temp., & water content of body fluids, blood components help defend against disease & repair damaged vessels

New cards
10

lymphatic system functions

Returns proteins and fluid to blood, carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood, contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes

New cards
11

respiratory system functions

Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids; air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds

New cards
12

digestive system functions

physical and chemical breakdown of food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates solid wastes

New cards
13

urinary system functions

Produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids; maintains body's mineral balance; helps regulate production of red blood cells

New cards
14

reproductive system functions

gonads (testes/ovaries) & associated organs...

females - fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, & mammary glands
males - epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, & penis

New cards
15

Characteristics of living organisms

- metabolism
- responsiveness
- movement
- growth
- differentiation
- reproduction

New cards
16

metabolism

the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism (catabolism/anabolism)

New cards
17

Catabolism

Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy

Ex: digestive tract catabolizes proteins from food into amino acids

New cards
18

Anabolism

Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.

Ex: amino acids are used to anabolize new proteins that make up body structures (muscle, bone, etc.)

New cards
19

responsiveness

the body's ability to detect and respond to changes

New cards
20

movement

includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells

New cards
21

growth

an increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both

New cards
22

differentiation

the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state

New cards
23

reproduction

refers to either the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement or the production of a new individual

New cards
24

Homeostasis

The maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions

- dynamic condition
- conditions can shift within normal ranges

New cards
25

relationship between structure and function

structure determines function

New cards
26

why do living organisms need energy?

chemical processes, growth, movement, etc.

New cards
27

Information flow to coordinate body functions

draw out diagram

New cards
28

ECF

fluid outside the cell

<p>fluid outside the cell</p>
New cards
29

ICF

fluid inside cells

<p>fluid inside cells</p>
New cards
30

ECF vs. ICF

ECF - more sodium and chloride

ICF - more potassium

New cards
31

interstitial fluid

fluid in the narrow spaces between cells

<p>fluid in the narrow spaces between cells</p>
New cards
32

blood plasma

ECF within blood vessels

New cards
33

lymph

ECF within lymphatic vessels

New cards
34

cerebrospinal fluid

fluid in and around the brain and spinal cord

New cards
35

synovial fluid

ECF within joints

New cards
36

aqueous humor and vitreous body

ECF within the eyes

New cards
37

Internal environment

ECF because it surrounds cells of the body

New cards
38

External environment

the space that surrounds the entire body

New cards
39

Homeostasis vs. Equilibrium

homeostasis - conditions are balanced

equilibrium - conditions are equal

New cards
40

What do control systems do?

keep variables within normal range (maintain homeostasis)

New cards
41

Components of feedback loops

Receptor - body structure that monitors changes and sends input to a control center

Control center - evaluates input from receptors (usually brain/hypothalamus)

Effector - body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response that changes the controlled condition

Response - alters controlled condition... returns to homeostasis

New cards
42

Positive feedback loop

a feedback loop in which change in a system is amplified

New cards
43

Negative feedback loops

A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by returning to its original state, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
60 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 125 people
706 days ago
4.5(4)
note Note
studied byStudied by 15 people
789 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 2 people
67 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 40 people
941 days ago
5.0(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
661 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 29 people
963 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 505 people
1 hour ago
4.8(5)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (34)
studied byStudied by 10 people
148 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (80)
studied byStudied by 5 people
483 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (124)
studied byStudied by 35 people
427 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 8 people
396 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (59)
studied byStudied by 11 people
774 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (37)
studied byStudied by 4 people
767 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (59)
studied byStudied by 4 people
233 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (94)
studied byStudied by 85 people
14 days ago
5.0(1)
robot