Chapter 1: The Science of Marine Biology

A set of practice flashcards covering key concepts and historical milestones in Chapter 1: The Science of Marine Biology.

What is marine biology?

The study of the organisms that inhabit the seas.

What is oceanography?

The science dealing with the oceans and all its physical attributes like tides, waves, and currents.

The ocean is an important supply of what for humans?

Food.

Marine organisms are important for what kind of ecological networks?

Food webs.

The ocean is a source of human and medicine.

Nutrition.

The ocean helps regulate .

Climate.

Name 2 medicines that came from the sea and the organism.

Examples: ziconotide (from cone snail) and trabectedin (from sea squirt).

Name 3 early uses of marine organisms.

Food, medicine, and materials (wood/natural fibers).

Great seafaring people who used the north star to navigate but stayed near land.

Phoenicians.

First to sail open ocean; what were their boats made of?

Polynesians; wood.

In 1100 AD, the discovered and used the for navigation.

Chinese; compass.

In 1768, explored all the oceans and used the , a clock that runs accurately at sea.

James Cook; chronometer.

Captain James Cook did not make it home from his 3rd voyage. What happened to him?

He was killed by Hawaiians.

Which expedition led the first US scientific expeditions and proved the existence of which continent?

The United States Exploring Expedition; Antarctica.

In 1831, traveled as a naturalist aboard the to collect specimens and set a new standard for marine research.

Charles Darwin; HMS Beagle.

(1872-1876) The Challenger expedition took soundings up to 26,900 ft in the , collected samples from the , and identified 4717 new .

Mariana Trench; seafloor; species.

In 1925, the German Expedition mapped the Atlantic seafloor using technology.

Meteor; echo-sounding.

In 1932 which 2 explorers went down in a steel ball known as a bathysphere?

William Beebe and Otis Barton.

In 1951, the expedition measured ocean depths in which 2 oceans using echo sounding. They located the deepest part named located in the at ft deep.

Challenger II; Atlantic and Pacific; Challenger Deep; Mariana Trench; 36,000.

In 1960 & traveled to Challenger Deep in a bathyscaphe called _.

Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh; Trieste.

_ _ returned to Challenger Deep in 2012 after building his own deep submersible called __.

James Cameron; Deepsea Challenger.

How many people have visited Challenger Deep?

5.

List the 3 types of submersibles.

Manned submersibles, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs).

Modern submarines carry underwater (for pictures and video) and robotic arms for which allow scientists to directly study marine life.

Cameras; sampling.

ROVs are small robotic devices with an umbilical to a vessel where scientists control .

Movement and data collection.

_ are untethered robotic devices that swim freely by controls, and pre-programmed with path.

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs).

SCUBA stands for _ and can be used to study marine science directly.

Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus.

We can also animals with devices like crittercams.

Tag.

is used to map seafloor depths.

Sonar.

allow us to study large parts of the ocean surface (temperature, sea-level rise, algae blooms, seagrass growth).

Satellites.

are floating laboratories that allow scientists to study the ocean for weeks or months at a time.

Research vessels.

What is the underwater lab here in Key Largo?

Aquarius.

Name the marine lab in Massachusetts.

Woods Hole (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution).

Name the marine lab in California.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography.