Cells and Membranes test

Robert Hooke

Coined the term “cell” after viewing cork under an early microscope (saw dead cells)

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Observed the first living cells under a microscope

Matthias Schleiden

Determined that all plant tissues are made of cells

Theodor Schwann

Determined that all animal tissues are made of cells

Rudolf Virchow

Asserts that every cell comes from a pre-existing cell

Cell theory

1. All living things are made of cells

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells 

What outer boundary do prokaryotes have?

Cell wall and cell membrane always present

What outer boundary do eukyarotes have?

Cell membrane always; cell wall sometimes

Yes/No Do prokaryotes have a nucleus

No

Yes/No Do prokaryotes have DNA

Yes

Yes/No Do prokaryotes have ribosomes

yes

Yes/No Do prokaryotes have organelles other than ribosomes

No

Yes/No Do Eukaryotes have a nucleus

yes

Yes/No Do Eukaryotes have DNA

yes

Yes/No Do Eukaryotes have ribosomes

Yes

Yes/No Do Eukaryotes have other organelles

Yes

Kingdoms (classification) of prokaryotes

Eubacteria, archaebacteria (bacteria)

Kingdoms (classification) of eukaryotes

Protista, fungi, plantae, animalia (everything else)

Trophic role of plants

Autotrophic (producer)

Trophic role of animals

Heterotrophic (consumer)

Kingdom (classification) of plants

Plantae

Kingdom (classification) of animals

Animalia

Outer boundary of plants

Cell wall and cell membrane

Outer boundary of animals

Cell membrane only

yes/no do plants have a nucleus

Yes

yes/no do plants have DNA

yes

yes/no do plants have mitochondria

yes

yes/no do plants have chloroplasts

yes

yes/no do animals have chloroplasts

no

yes/no do animals have mitochondria

yes

yes/no do animals have DNA

yes

yes/no do animals have a nucleus

yes

do animals have vacuoles

Yes, many smaller vacuoles throughout

do plants have vacuoles

Yes, one large, central vacuole

Cytoskeleton

Provides a structural framework for the cell, serving as a scaffold that determines cell shape and the general organization of the cytoplasm.

Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis; some are free-floating, some are attached to rough ER

Golgi apparatus

“Post office” of cell; modifies and packages proteins and lipid before they are sent out of the cell

Centriole

Organizing microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis; converts solar/light energy into sugar (glucose); found in plant cells, some bacteria, and some protists; has a double membrane and its own DNA (which can considered evidence of endosymbiosis)

Nucleus

Control center of the cell; contains DNA; enclosed by a nuclear membrane with pores

Vacuole

Storage tank; primarily for water but also holds some minerals and other dissolved solids

Mitochondrion

“Powerhouse” of cell; converts food energy into chemical energy (ATP); has a double membrane and its own DNA (which can be considered evidence of endosymbiosis)

Cell wall

Provides structural strength and support

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

“Highway” of cell; provides path for other substances to travel along; rough has ribosomes

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

“Highway” of cell; provides path for other substances to travel along; Smooth does not have ribosomes

Lysosome

Enzyme filled sacs that digest cellular wastes

Cell membrane

Regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell