Chapter 10: Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination

Discrimination

favorable or unfavorable actions directed toward members of a group

Prejudice

An attitude or affective response (positive or negative) toward a group and its individual members

Modern Racism

prejudice directed at racial groups that exist alongside the rejection of explicitly racist beliefs

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

a technique for revealing subconscious attitudes toward different stimuli, particularly groups of people

Priming

presentation of information designed to bring a concept to subconscious

Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP)

a priming procedure designed to assess people's implicit associations to different stimuli, including their associations to various groups of people

Realistic Group Conflict Theory

conflict arises over competition between groups for limited resources

Ethnocentrism

belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group and the inferiority of others

Superordinate Goals

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Minimal Group Paradigm

researchers create groups based on arbitrary criteria and then examine how the members behave toward one another

Social Identity Theory

the idea that a person's self-esteem also comes from the status and accomplishments of the groups to the person belongs

Basking in Reflected Glory

taking pride in the accomplishments of other people in one's group (sports fans identify with a winning team)

Pairing Distinctiveness

the grouping of two different events that stand out more because they're together

Subtyping

Explaining outliers of a stereotype by creating a subcategory of the stereotyped group that differ from the group as a whole

Outgroup Homogeneity Effect

The tendency for people to assume that with-group similarity is much stronger for outgroups than for ingroups

Own-Race Identification Bias

The tendency for people to be better able to distinguish faces from their own race than from other races

Contact Hypothesis

prejudice can be reduced by putting members of different groups in frequent contact with each other

Multiculturalism

The practice of valuing and respecting differences in culture

Color-Blindness

treating others as unique individuals and ignoring cultural and ethnic group differences

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

an expectation that causes you to act in ways that make that expectation come true