HIV Antiretroviral Drugs Overview

These flashcards cover key medications used in HIV treatment, their mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, dosages, side effects, and important interactions.

What is Zidovudine (AZT) and its mechanism of action?

Zidovudine (AZT) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that terminates DNA synthesis by HIV reverse transcriptase.

How is Zidovudine eliminated and what are its side effects?

Zidovudine is eliminated by glucuronidation and has serious hematological toxicity including anemia and neutropenia.

What is the dose of Lamivudine (3TC) and its main mechanism?

The dose is typically reduced in renal insufficiency; its mechanism is as a cytosine analog with in vitro activity against HIV-1.

What are the common side effects of Tenofovir?

Common side effects include gastrointestinal complaints such as nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and flatulence.

What are the adverse effects associated with Abacavir?

Adverse effects include hypersensitivity reactions, potentially fatal, occurring in approximately 5% of patients.

What is the administration requirement for Didanosine?

Didanosine must be taken on an empty stomach.

What is a major toxicity of Stavudine?

A major dose-limiting toxicity of Stavudine is peripheral sensory neuropathy.

What is the significance of Zalcitabine's pharmacokinetics?

Zalcitabine has high oral bioavailability but can cause dose-dependent peripheral neuropathy.

How do Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) function?

NNRTIs directly bind to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, blocking RNA DNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

What are common adverse effects of Efavirenz?

Common adverse effects include central nervous system effects such as dizziness, insomnia, and hallucinations.

What interaction does Nevirapine have with other drugs?

Nevirapine is a moderate inducer of CYP3A metabolism, affecting levels of several protease inhibitors.

What is the role of protease inhibitors (PIs) in HIV treatment?

Protease inhibitors prevent cleavage of the Gag-Pol polyprotein, resulting in immature, noninfectious viral particles.

What condition can PIs contribute to in patients?

PIs can contribute to body fat redistribution leading to conditions such as central obesity and a buffalo hump.

What dietary consideration is recommended for Saquinavir?

Saquinavir should be taken within 2 hours after a fatty meal for enhanced absorption.