JFK's Alliance for Progress

Name 4 countries where Eisenhower had supported military dictatorships (Latin America)

• Peru

• Paraguay

• Venezuela

• Guatemala

What term was used to critically refer to the influence of the United States in global political, military, economic, and cultural spheres?

“Yankee imperialism”

What had Nixon called Cuban autocrat Batista?

“Cuba’s Abraham Lincoln”

When did Nixon visit Latin America?

1958

When did the Cuban revolution take place?

1959

When did JFK become president?

20th January 1961

When was JFK assassinated?

22nd November 1963

What fiasco had JFK authorised in Cuba in 1961?

Bay of Pigs

What event in 1962 meant that JFK’s alliance was seen as ‘too American’ and for the US’s own interests?

Cuban Missile Crisis

How many Latin American dictatorships had been overthrown in the previous 4 years?

10

What percentage of Latin American populations owned what percentage of Latin American land?

5-10% of Latin Americans owned 70-80% of the land

When was the Alliance for Progress (AFP) launched?

1961

What country did not participate in the AFP?

Cuba

How much did the US pledge?

$20 billion

How much had Eisenhower promised Latin America during his administration?

$500 million

What is the total estimated amount that the US invested under the alliance?

$6.3 billion

How long did the AFP last?

18 months

How did JFK describe Latin America’s social issues? (one word)

staggering

Where was the Alliance for Progress signed?

Uruguay’s Punta Del Este

How much did Latin American governments have to give in return?

$80 billion

what was the name of the democratically-elected president of Venezuela at the time?

Betancourt

what was the name of the democratically-elected president of Argentina at the time?

Frondizi

JFK was the first US president to visit the tomb of South American liberator _______ _______ in Caracas

Simon Bolivar

What project was created using money from the AFP in Colombia?

Techo Housing Project

Name another project built with the help of the alliance in Costa Rica

El Bosque Housing Project

What does Michael Gambone refer to the 1960s as?

The “apogee of military power in Latin America”

On average, how much did each person receive from the alliance?

$10

What percentage of economic growth in Latin America benefited the poor?

2%

What percentage of US aid was ‘tied’? (meaning Latin American countries had to buy their more expensive products in return)

60%

Who called the AFP “oversold”? (one of JFK’s supporters)

Arthur Schlesinger

What was the AFP nicknamed as a mockery?

Fidel Castro Plan

Who did President Johnson appoint to co-ordinate the AFP after JFK died?

Mann (who lacked sympathy for the AFP)

What is the name of the Latino civil rights and advocacy organisation?

LULAC (League of United Latin Americian citizens)

When was the Cuban missile crisis?

1962

Give an example of a construction made under the Alliance for Progress in Chile?

Santiago Airport

What did Che Guevara call the Alliance for Progress?

an “instrument of economic imperialism”