Lung Volumes, Capacities, and Gas Laws

These flashcards cover key concepts related to lung volumes, capacities, gas laws, and respiratory conditions for exam preparation.

Tidal Volume

The amount of air that is inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing.

Vital Capacity

The maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiration.

Residual Volume

The amount of air left in the lungs after maximum expiration.

Boyle's Law

The principle stating that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.

Obstructive Disorders

Pulmonary conditions characterized by increased resistance to airflow due to bronchoconstriction or mucus.

Restrictive Disorders

Pulmonary conditions where the alveoli are adversely affected, resulting in reduced lung expansion.

Inspiratory Capacity

The maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration.

Expiratory Reserve Volume

The maximum amount of air that can be expired after a normal expiration.

Forced Vital Capacity

A pulmonary function test measuring the maximum amount of air expelled during forced exhalation.

Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB)

A technique used to inflate lungs mechanically during surgery when the thoracic cavity is opened.

Quiet Exhalation

Generally a passive process where relaxation of respiratory muscles allows air to leave the lungs.

Forced Exhalation

An active process involving the contraction of internal intercostal and abdominal muscles to expel air.

Spirometry

A method used to measure lung function, including volumes and flow rates of air during inhalation and exhalation.

Total Lung Capacity

The total amount of air the lungs can hold, including the residual volume.

FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second)

The volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled in one second, used to assess obstructive and restrictive disorders.