Intermodal Perception Ability to integrate multiple senses (e.g., seeing and hearing). Improves significantly after 6 months. Perceptual-Motor Couplin

Intermodal Perception

Ability to integrate multiple senses (e.g., seeing and hearing).

Perceptual-Motor Coupling

Action influences perception, and perception guides action.

Piaget’s Schemes

Mental representations that organize knowledge.

Assimilation

Using existing schemes for new information.

Accommodation

Adjusting schemes to fit new information.

Equilibration

Balancing assimilation and accommodation to transition between cognitive stages.

Sensorimotor Stage

Piaget's first cognitive development stage (0-2 years) where infants coordinate sensory experiences with motor actions.

Object Permanence

Understanding that objects exist even when unseen.

Operant Conditioning

Infants learn from consequences, exemplified by Rovee-Collier’s mobile-kicking experiment.

Joint Attention

Infants focus on an object with another person, important for language learning.

Implicit Memory

Unconscious recall, such as motor actions.

Explicit Memory

Conscious recall that develops in the second year.

Deferred Imitation

Occurs after a delay, as early as 9 months.

Phonology

Sound system of a language.

Morphology

Smallest meaning units in language, e.g., 'dog' vs. 'dogs'.

Syntax

Rules for sentence formation in a language.

Semantics

Meaning of words and sentences.

Crying Types

Three types include basic, anger, and pain cries that serve as major communication tools for infants.

Temperament

Basic disposition patterns classified into easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up children.

Self-Recognition

The ability to recognize oneself in mirrors, typically develops around 18 months.

Secure Attachment

Infant explores but returns to caregiver for comfort.

Insecure Avoidant Attachment

Infant avoids caregiver and shows little distress when they leave.

Insecure Resistant Attachment

Infant clings but resists closeness, showing distress when the caregiver leaves.

Developmental Cascade Model

Secure attachment in infancy correlates with better emotional regulation and school readiness later in life.

Parental Guidance

Disciplinary strategies like redirecting attention, reasoning, and time-outs commonly used by parents.

Childproofing

The practice of making the environment safe to prevent unsafe interactions for infants.

Oxytocin

A hormone key to mother-infant bonding.

Reciprocal Socialization

The process where parents and infants influence each other.