AP Bio Unit 0: Science Practices

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16 Terms

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Scientific Method

  1. observing and measuring

  2. hypothesis and prediction

  3. plan/ execute investigations

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Hypothesis

  • possible explanation for observation

  • is testable

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Features of a Sound Hypothesis (6 features)

  • explanation for observation

  • one independent variable

  • not a question

  • testable

  • based on prior knowledge

  • leads to prediction

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Null hypothesis

Hypothesis of no difference, no effect

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Alternative hypothesis

Rejects the null hypothesis

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Variables

  • any experimental condition that changes

  • only independent variable changes

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Independent Variable

  • on x-axis

  • factor that changes

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Dependent Variable

  • on y-axis

  • the affected/ measured

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Controlled Variables

Group that has no experimental treatment

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Tables

  • Record data

  • See relationships/ trends

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Graphs

  • visual image of the trends in data

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Parts of a Graph

  • title

  • axis labeled

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Descriptive Statistics

  • Mean, median, mode

  • Stand deviation, standard error

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Frequency Distributions

  • normal

  • skewed

  • bimodal

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Standard Deviation

  • spread or dispersion

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Statistical Tests

Diff for diff types of data