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Conformity
Adjusting one’s behavior to line up with a group’s unspoken rules, norms, and expectations
Obedience
Following direct commands usually from an authority figure
Individualistic culture
Culture that places value of the individual (ex: many European societies USA)
Collectivist culture
Culture that places value on the group (society, family, etc) (many Asian societies)
Multiculturalism
The idea that multiples cultures can coexist in a society, and that the majority and minority groups should actively support these cultural differences.
Group polarization
The phenomenon in which group interaction reinforces the majority’s point of view and shifts that view to a more extreme position.
Groupthink
Faulty decision-making that occurs when a highly cohesive group tries to stay in agreement and avoids critical thinking
Social loafing
Tendency for people to exert less effort in a group than when they are individually accountable
Deindividuation
the loss of self-restraint when group members feel anonymous, being in a crowd reduces guilt and self-awareness
Diffusion of responsibility
the phenomenon such that when there are multiple people present, each individual feels less of responsible for the situation
Social facilitation
performing in front of a group causes well-known tasks to be done better than performing them alone
False consensus effect
People often overestimate the extent to which others agree with them.
Superordinate goal
a goal that requires people of different backgrounds to work together, reducing stereotyping and negative attitudes towards each other
Social Trap
a situation in which people acting in their own self-interest cause the entire group to be worse off
Industrial-organizational (I/O) psychologists
study how people act at work, including the effects of management practices, workplace relationships and culture, and burnout
Prosocial behavior
behavior that benefits other people
Altruism
unselfish actions that benefit others
Social reciprocity norm
the unwritten rule that if people do something nice for you, you feel obligated to do something nice in return.
Social responsibility norm
the unwritten rule that one should assist those in need (esp. vulnerable groups such as children or the elderly) when possible
Bystander effect
The more people witness a negative event, the less likely they are to help a person in need.
