Micro 1.5

How are archaea and bacteria superficially similar

size scales

genetic structure

cell shaes

archaeal cell envelopes

single s layer only

s layer covered by a protein sheath

underlying carbohydrate layer

what is the archael cell membrane made of

isoprenoic chians connected to glycerol by ether linkage

what is the benefit of the archael cell envelope

Archaea live in extreme environments

isoprenoid monolayers with ether linkages are stable at high tempertures and resistant to extremely acidic ph

archaeal extrernal structures are limited to

type 4 pili

how are marine archaea connected

cannulaue

cannula

hollow tube formed by type 4 pilus proteins wh

when are cannula formed

during cell division

what is the use of cannulae

they create a shared periplasmic space between nearby cellsp

periplasmic space

fluid found between the S-Layer and the cell membrane which allows cells to share nutrients and genetic material

archaea that live ine xtreme cold form a biofilm community using

hammus

Hami

type 4 pili with grappling hook shape

consists of a long helical filament with barbs along the length

allow arachael cells to attach firmly to each other and to environmental surfaces

allow for nutrient sharing among cells

archaella have two main functions

allow for movement

allow for attachement of cells to surfacec

structure of archaea

molecular motor and filament

archaella filaments are

solid rods

how do archaella move forward

counterclockwise spinning

how do arachaella move backward

clockwise spinning

metabolic diversity

diversity and differences between microbes in terms of the cellular processes that provide energy and electrons to support growthe

ecological diversity

the diversity and differrences between microbes in terms of the interactions microbes have with each other and their environments

phylogenetic diversity

the diversity and differences between microbes in terms of their ancestry and evolutionary relationships

taxonomy

groups organisms by phenotypic traits

archaebacteria

all archaea into a single kingdom

eubacteria

bacteria into a single kingdom

monoderms

bacteria with a single membrane

diderms

bacteria with two membranes

chloroflexi

gram negative monoderms

envelope with thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an S-Layer

acid fast bacteria are

gram-positive diderms

thick layer of peptidoglycan and sugar that retains crystal violet

lipid based mycolic acid layer mixed with phospholipids

mycobacteria are considered

diderms