GCSE (9-1) Chemistry - Assessment 1

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Description and Tags

Atomic Structure, Periodic Table, Chemical Bonds, Chemical Reactions, Sates of Matter,

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25 Terms

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What is an atom?

A basic unit of matter.

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What are protons, neutrons, and electrons?

  • Protons: positively charged particles in the nucleus.

  • Neutrons: neutral particles in the nucleus.

  • Electrons: negatively charged particles surrounding the nucleus.

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What is the charge of a proton?

+1

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What is the charge or a neutron?

0 (neutral)

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What is the charge of an electron?

-1

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Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

In the nucleus.

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What is the atomic number?

The number of protons in an atom.

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What is the mass number?

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

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How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

Mass number - atomic number = number of neutrons.

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What are isotopes?

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

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How do isotopes differ from each other?

They have different mass numbers but the same atomic number.

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What is an ion?

An atom that has gained or lost electrons and has a charge.

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How does the number of electrons determine the charge of an atom?

  • More electrons than protons = negative charge (anion).

  • More protons than electrons = positive charge (cation).

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What is the Periodic Table?

A table organizing all known elements based on atomic number and properties.

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What do the groups in the Periodic Table represent?

Columns indicating elements with similar properties.

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What do the periods in the Periodic Table represent?

Rows indicating elements with the same number of electron shells.

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What is the significance of the noble gases?

They are inert and have full outer electron shells.

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What are transition metals?

Elements found in groups 3-12 known for their ability to form variable oxidation states.

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What is the reactivity trend in the alkali metals?

Increases down the group.

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How does temperature affect reaction rates?

Higher temperatures increase reaction rates by providing more energy to particles.

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What are the three main states of matter?

Solid, liquid, gas.

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How does temperature affect the state of matter?

Increasing temperature can change a solid to a liquid (melting) or a liquid to a gas (evaporation).

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What is the difference between a solid, liquid, and gas?

Solids have fixed shapes and volumes; liquids have fixed volumes but take the shape of their container; gases have neither fixed shape nor volume.

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How do particles behave in each state of matter?

solids: closely packed, vibrate in place

liquids: close but can flow

gases: far apart, move freely.

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What are the common phase changes?

Melting, freezing, condensation, evaporation, sublimation, deposition.