PNB 2264 Lab Practical #2 Study Guide (mostly lab 8, brain +eye+ ear)

Superior Dorsal View of brain

Gyri

Sulci

Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure

Frontal Lobe

Parietal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Central Sulcus

Lateral Sulcus

Somatomotor Area

Somatosensory Area

Cerebellum

Olfactory Bulb

Optic Chiasm

Mammillary Bodies

Pons

Medulla Oblongata

MIdsagittal View of brain

Lateral Ventricle

Third Ventricle

Cerebral Aqueduct

Forth Ventricle

Corpus Callosum

Fornix

Thalamus

Pineal Gland

Superior Colliculi

Inferior Colliculi

Midbrain

Hypothalamus

Cerebral Cortex Gray Matter (nerve cell bodies)

White Matter (myelinated nerve fibers)

Olfactory Nerve

Function: special sensory- smell

Location: Telencephalon

Optic Nerve

Function: special sensory- vision

Location: Diencephalon

Oculomotor Nerve

Function: motor- eye movement; lid elevation, pupil contraction, lens shape

Location: Midbrain

Trochlear Nerve

Function: motor- eye movement (downward and inward)

Location: Midbrain

Trigeminal Nerve

Function: mixed (motor, general sensory)- mastication, touch, pain, temperature

Location: Pons

Abducens Nerve

Function: motor- eye movement

Location: Medulla-Pons junction

Facial Nerve

Function: mixed (motor, parasympathetic, general sensory)- facial expression, lip articulation, taste on anterior tongue, secretion of saliva and tears

Location: Medulla-Pons junction

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Function: special sensesory- hearing and balance

Location: Medulla-Pons junction

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Function: mixed (motor, parasympathetic, visceral sensory, general sensory)- taste on posterior of tongue, gag reflex, swallowing

Location: Medulla

Vagus Nerve

Function: mixed (motor, parasympathetic, visceral sensory, general sensory)- visceral muscle movement (heart, lungs, intestines)

Location: Medulla

Accessory Nerve

Function: motor- movement of shoulders and neck

Location: Spinal cord

Hypoglossal Nerve

Function: motor- speech movements of the tongue, swallowing

Location: Medulla

Dorsal Root

Dorsal Horn

Ventral Horn

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Anterior Median Fissure

Ventral Root

Posterior Median Sulcus

Central Canal

Caudate Nucleus

Globus Pallidus

Putamen

Choroid Plexus

What are some differences between the human and sheep brain?

Human Brain:

more rounded

larger

deeper and more sulci

larger surface area

smaller olfactory bulbs

Sheep Brain:

more elongated

smaller

less sulci, more shallow

smaller surface area

larger olfactory bulbs

What is the function of mammillary bodies?

Serve as a relay center for impulses that travel through the brain. Also play an important role in recalling memories

What is the function of the fornix?

Fibers that connect the hippocampus to the hypothalamus and is associated with memory and emotions

What is the function of the pineal gland?

Responsible for reproduction and circadian rhythms (larger in sheep)

What are the different parts of the ventricular system of the brain?

Lateral ventricle, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle

Which two cranial nerves are primarily responsible for our perception of taste?

Facial nerve & glossopharyngeal nerve

When looking at cross section of the spinal cord, which region will you observe motor neurons?

Gray matter, more specifically in the ventral horn of the gray matter

In which part of the spinal cord will you have an enlarged area that reflects innervation of the lower extremities?

The lumbosacral enlargement running form L2-S3

What are the membranes of the brain?

1. Dura Matter

2. Arachnoidea

3. Pia Matter

Which artery supplies the cerebellum?

Anterior cerebral artery

Which artery supplies the occipital lobe?

Posterior cerebral artery

Which artery supplies the parietal and temporal lobes?

Middle cerebral artery

Pituitary gland

Acidophils Cells of the anterior Pituitary Gland

Secrete growth hormone, prolactin

Basophils cells of the anterior pituitary gland

Secrete FSH LH and TSH

Pituicyte cells of the posterior pituitary gland

Thyroid gland cross section

Follicles of the thyroid gland

Colloid of the thyroid gland

Follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid gland

1 & 3

Parafollicular cells (C-cells) of the thyroid gland

Parathyroid gland cross section

Oxyphil cells of the parathyroid gland

Second set of arrows

Larger cell type

Chief cells of the parathyroid gland

First set of arrows

Most numerous cell type, smaller

Pancreas cells cross section

Consists of exocrine cells and endocrine cells

Endocrine cells islet of langerhans of the pancreas

Secretes: insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

Exocrine Tissue of pancreas

A

Synthesizes and secretes digestive proenzymes and enzymes

Adrenal Gland cross section

Adrenal Cortex

Thick light pink circle

Adrenal medulla

3, inside of gland

Pupil

Iris

Sclera

Cornea

Aqueous humor

Optic disc

Vitreous humor

lens

ciliary body

retina

layer being peeled off

choroid

fovea centralis

pinna (auricle)

external auditory canal