Global sustainability exam 3

Water is a compound  TRUE OR FALSE

True

Of all the surface water, oceans hold _____%

97%

Capillary action

 Tendency of a liquid to move up a narrow tube against gravity. Phenomenon appears in vascular plants such as trees

Pure water has low electrical conductivity, which increases significantly with addition of ionic material TRUE OR FALSE 

true

Boiling point of water is 100C degrees TRUE OR FALSE

false

Maximum density of water occurs at ____________

3.98C (39.16F)

Earth's Water:

 Fresh water 3%,  Saline water (oceans) 97%

Freshwater:

Icecaps and Glaciers 68.7%, Ground water 30.1%,  other 0.9%

Fresh surface water:

Lakes 87%, swamps 11%, rivers 2%

FRESH WATER STILL HAS A LITTLE BIT OF SALT. TRUE OR FALSE

true

Clean fresh water is NOT essential to all land based life – TRUE OR FALSE

False— it is essential

Peak water is not about running out of fresh water, but the peaking and subsequent decline of the production rate of the water (TRUE OR FALSE)

True

Less than % of the world's fresh water or ____% of all water on earth is accessible for direct human use

1%, 0.007%

What are the three uses of fresh water?

Agriculture 

Industrialization 

Urbanization

Agriculture represents what percent of freshwater use worldwide?

70%

What is water pollution?

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, river, oceans, and groundwater

Alteration of water’s physical chemistry include acidity (change in pH), electrical conductivity and temperature  TRUE OR FALSE

True

Desalination is…

energy and resource intensive

By mid-2007, Middle Eastern desalination accounted for close to ___% of total world capacity 

75%

Desalinated water is less expensive than naturally occurring water

False— it is more expensive

What is the biggest pro for distillation?

gets rid of bacteria 

Vacuum distillation uses less energy than distillation TRUE OR FALSE

True

What is osmosis?

the process by which water molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration

The advantage of osmosis

there is no heating involved so it is cheaper 

The Disadvantage of osmosis

it's not a purifying process

Reverse osmosis uses the LEAST amount of energy TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

A low pressure pump is used during osmosis

false— its a high pressure pump

What type of materials live forever, and what materials cannot?

Paper, plastic cannot live forever 

Gold, iron can be recycled forever– any element 

What is ferrous?

Something is iron based

aluminum is an example of ferrous– TRUE OR FALSE 

false

Remanufactured parts are usually more expensive than new parts TRUE OR FALSE

false

Difference between repair and remanufacturing??

idk

What is the largest element of cost?

Value added