science Periodic Table and Bonding Topic Test

what is a molecule

2 or more atoms chemically bonded together

what is a compound

2 or more elements chemically bonded together

propterties of ionic compunds

are solid at room temperature, are brittle, have high melting and boiling points

what are isotopes

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

whats an element

an element is made up of only one kind of atom

what is the emission spectra

Atoms are heated in a flame, and electrons absorb energy, which allows them to jump from their normal shell to a higher level shell (this is known as the excited state). When they return, they emit the energy it absorbed to jump to the excited state in the form of light energy

What is group 1

the alkali metals except hydrogen

what is the properties of alkali metals

have low melting and boiling points, good conductors of heat and electricity , they are shiny

what is group 2

alkaline earth metals

properties of alkaline earth metals

silver coloured metals, more dense and harder than alkali metals, highly reactive but not as reactive as alkali metals

what is group 3 to 12

transition metals

properties of transition metals

shiny, good conductors, high melting point,

what is group 17

halogens

what is group 18

noble gases

What is the charge of each subatomic particle?

protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, neutrons don’t have a charge

properties of metals

good conductors of electricity, ductile and malleable, high melting and boiling points

properties of metalloids

brittle, mostly solid at room temp, colour is metallic or dull

non metals properties

not good conductors of electricity, low melting and boiling points, dull

electronegativity trends

increases across a period, decreases down a group

atomic mass trends

increases across the period

atomic radius trends

decreases across a period, increases down a group

metals reactivity trends

decreases across a period, increases down a group

non metals reactivity trends

increases across a period, decreases down a group

what are metalloids

elements which have both metallic and non metallic characteristics

what are allotropes

are different physical forms of the same elements

what is electronegativity

how strongly the nucleus attracts electrons from other atoms

what is covalent bonding

formed when two or more atoms share electrons

what is polyatomic ions

a charged ion that consists of two or more atoms bonded together

what is metallic bonding

It is the bonding between cations surrounded by a sea of electrons. This bond is lusturous, malleable, ductile

why are metals good conductors of electricity

because of their free moving cloud of delocalised electrons

why do metals have high melting and boiling points

because the forces between the network of positive ions and the free moving electrons are strong

what is melting and boiling point

The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid begins to convert to gas, The melting point is the temperature at which a solid begins to convert to a liquid.

why are metals lustre

because the delocalised electrons are freely moving between the network of positive cations and are able to reflect light

what happens when a metallic structure is struck with some force

The rows of cations in the lattice are pushed closer together, However, the delocalised electrons also move, and in turn, the attraction between the cations and electrons is maintained

what is a metal alloy

is a mixture of two or more metals

what is a memory alloy

alloys that have the ability to return to their original shape if damaged

What types of elements do ionic bonds occur between?

metals and non metals

What types of ions do metals form?

cations - positive ions

what happens when you move across a period

The number of shells stays the same, but the nuclear charge increases. As the number of protons increases they draw the electrons in closer, thereby decreasing the atomic size

what happens when you move down the group

atomic size increases because the number of shells increases

reactivity of transition metals

much less reactive

structure of a metal

The atoms are packed tightly together in a regular pattern, this allows the outer electrons to separate from their atoms and the result is a lattice of ions in a sea of electrons

Describe the characteristic that determines the overall

order of elements in the periodic table.

increasing atomic number

Contrast (the difference between) an atom and an

element.

An atom is made of smaller, subatomic particles. Elements are any material made of only one type of atom.

how are metals stored

metals are packed tightly together in a regular pattern in a lattice by a sea of electrons

When naming an ionic compound, identify which ion is written first.

the cation

what is a molecular compound

is a chemical compound made up of two or more non-metal atoms that are bonded together by covalent bonds

Explain why ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity when in the solid state, but they can conduct electricity when melted.

their ions are held in fixed positions and cannot move

What is the difference between an atom and an ion?

An atom has an equal number of protons and electrons, while an ion has unequal number of protons and electrons

What name is given to a metal when it forms an ion,

cation

What name is given to a non-metal when it forms an ion,

anions

What is an ionic bond?

is the electrostatic force of attraction between a positively charged metal ion and a negatively charged non-metal ion. This bond is brittle, has high melting points, and only conducts when dissolved

An ionic bond is between which two types of elements?

metal and non metal

why does an ionic compound have high melting points

strong electrostatic interactions between ions

ionic compound

a molecule made up of a negatively charged anion and a positively charged cation

example of polyatomic ion

chlorite

why are metals malleable

metals are malleable because when a force is applied to a metal, the layers of cations move past each other without breaking

what does malleable mean?

malleable means that a solid is able to be shaped into something else without breaking

why is magnesium a good conductor of electricity

it has free-moving electrons that can easily transition from the valence band to the conduction band, allowing for the flow of electric current.

Why is it it important to work in a group for experiment

a collaborative team has the advantage of sharing their ideas and resources, enabling them to find solutions more effectively than individuals working alone in a laboratory