Set 2: Structural Components & Enzymes

Protein A function

Located on the cell wall of S. aureus

Capsule / Slime Layer function

Inhibits phagocytosis and helps bacteria adhere to foreign bodies (like catheters).

Peptidoglycan function in Staph

Provides structural stability and has endotoxin-like activity.

Coagulase enzyme function

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin, forming a clot around the bacteria to protect it from phagocytosis.

Hyaluronidase function

"Spreading factor" that breaks down hyaluronic acid in connective tissues, helping infection spread.

Staphylokinase function

Dissolves fibrin clots, allowing the bacteria to escape and spread after they have multiplied.

Lipase function

Breaks down lipids (oils), allowing bacteria to survive on oily skin and cause boils/acne.

Beta-lactamase (Penicillinase)

Breaks down the beta-lactam ring of penicillin, causing antibiotic resistance.