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What is a medical intervention
anything that helps a patient or improves their way of life
How do scientists gather evidence during the potential outbreak of an infectious disease
they contact trace exposures, study symptoms and rates of spread
What is bioinformatics?
career that blends computer skills with data and science
How can DNA sequences be used to identify disease pathogens?
by knowing the pathogens exact DNA sequence it allows us to make appropriate treatment
What is an antibody
antibodies target and kill antigens good guys super y's for eery one super y they wipe out three bad guys
Why is it important for doctors to know the concentration of disease antigen present in a patient's system?
if patient is currently fighting a new infection or it is showing an old infection
What is bacterial meningitis?
sue has meningitis. bacterial infection. can recover from. symptoms: fever, fatigue, sore throat, lymph nodes swollen
.Base pairing rules-
adenine pairs with thymine guanine pairs with cytosine uracil and RNA is nothing
How do antibiotics work to fight bacterial infections?
kill bacteria only
What are the concerns of overuse or misuse of antibiotics? For example, missing doses, not finishing antibiotics, doubling up after a missed dose, etc.)
antibiotic resistance
Semicircular canals
tells brain the position of the head
auditory canal
job to collect sound and to funnel it down to towards the ear drum
cochlear nerve-
8th cranial nerve and is necessary for hearing
cochlea
main job to process sound. converts sound waves into electrical neural messages that travel to the brain.
Tympanic membrane / Eardrum
sound transmition and amplification
ossicles
three tiny bones located in the middle ear.
pinna
outer ear. collects sound and funnels it towards the ear drum
eustachian tube
tube that drains fluid from the ears to the back of the throat
outer ear
composed of the pinna, auditory nerve (ear canal) and front side of the ear drum
middle ear
made up of the back side of the ear drum and the ossicles
inner ear
semicircular canals and the cochlea and auditor nerve
otitis media
is an inner ear infection. not the same as swimmer's ear. bacterial infection. need to put the patient of oral antibiotics. painful because of the pressure on the ear membrane. pain relief such as Tylenol and ibruofupoen. if it is chronic pediatric ear tubes.
How do frequency and amplitude affect how humans interpret sound?
frequency deals with pitch. low frequency is low pitch high frequency is high pitched. amplitude deals with volume. high amplitude deals with loud and low deals with quiter.
what causes different types of hearing loss
loud noises, old age, disease or infection, and born
How is hearing loss diagnosed? audiologists performs hearing tests to determine if or how much hearing loss has occured
What interventions are available for patients with hearing loss?
cochlear implants, hearing aids, sign language (ASL), lip reading and support groups
What are the bioethical concerns related to the use of cochlear implant technology?
people in the deaf community are happy and fulfilled with using ASL. they feel they are being told something is wrong with them. feel personally insulted. invasive surgery.******* THE YOUNGER YOU ARE THE HIGHER THE SUCCESS RATE.
Sensorineural versus conductive hearing loss
sensorineural is an inner ear problem. something wrong with the cochlea and cochlea nerve.conductive is reversible. there is a problem of the sound waves physically getting into the cochlea.
What is vaccination?
a substance put into a patients body that is meant to provide immunity. MEANT TO BE PREVENTETIVE *********
How has vaccination impacted disease trends in our country
vaccinations are meant to decrease the spread of disease.
What is recombinant DNA technology?
when humans change DNA sequencing for a purpose.
attenuated vaccines
made by weakened pathogens ex. measles vaccine
killed vaccines
means inactivated. made from killed pathogens ex. whooping cough
toxoid vaccines
made from the toxins produced by the pathogen
subunit vaccines
vaccine made up from a portion of a pathogen. not alive. ex. hep B
what is an epidemiologist?
a person who studies outbreaks of diseases
