Advanced Anatomy Unit 1

What is a medical intervention

anything that helps a patient or improves their way of life

How do scientists gather evidence during the potential outbreak of an infectious disease

they contact trace exposures, study symptoms and rates of spread

What is bioinformatics?

career that blends computer skills with data and science

How can DNA sequences be used to identify disease pathogens?

by knowing the pathogens exact DNA sequence it allows us to make appropriate treatment

What is an antibody

antibodies target and kill antigens good guys super y's for eery one super y they wipe out three bad guys

Why is it important for doctors to know the concentration of disease antigen present in a patient's system?

if patient is currently fighting a new infection or it is showing an old infection

What is bacterial meningitis?

sue has meningitis. bacterial infection. can recover from. symptoms: fever, fatigue, sore throat, lymph nodes swollen

.Base pairing rules-

adenine pairs with thymine guanine pairs with cytosine uracil and RNA is nothing

How do antibiotics work to fight bacterial infections?

kill bacteria only

What are the concerns of overuse or misuse of antibiotics? For example, missing doses, not finishing antibiotics, doubling up after a missed dose, etc.)

antibiotic resistance

Semicircular canals

tells brain the position of the head

auditory canal

job to collect sound and to funnel it down to towards the ear drum

cochlear nerve-

8th cranial nerve and is necessary for hearing

cochlea

main job to process sound. converts sound waves into electrical neural messages that travel to the brain.

Tympanic membrane / Eardrum

sound transmition and amplification

ossicles

three tiny bones located in the middle ear.

pinna

outer ear. collects sound and funnels it towards the ear drum

eustachian tube

tube that drains fluid from the ears to the back of the throat

outer ear

composed of the pinna, auditory nerve (ear canal) and front side of the ear drum

middle ear

made up of the back side of the ear drum and the ossicles

inner ear

semicircular canals and the cochlea and auditor nerve

otitis media

is an inner ear infection. not the same as swimmer's ear. bacterial infection. need to put the patient of oral antibiotics. painful because of the pressure on the ear membrane. pain relief such as Tylenol and ibruofupoen. if it is chronic pediatric ear tubes.

How do frequency and amplitude affect how humans interpret sound?

frequency deals with pitch. low frequency is low pitch high frequency is high pitched. amplitude deals with volume. high amplitude deals with loud and low deals with quiter.

what causes different types of hearing loss

loud noises, old age, disease or infection, and born

How is hearing loss diagnosed? audiologists performs hearing tests to determine if or how much hearing loss has occured

What interventions are available for patients with hearing loss?

cochlear implants, hearing aids, sign language (ASL), lip reading and support groups

What are the bioethical concerns related to the use of cochlear implant technology?

people in the deaf community are happy and fulfilled with using ASL. they feel they are being told something is wrong with them. feel personally insulted. invasive surgery.******* THE YOUNGER YOU ARE THE HIGHER THE SUCCESS RATE.

Sensorineural versus conductive hearing loss

sensorineural is an inner ear problem. something wrong with the cochlea and cochlea nerve.conductive is reversible. there is a problem of the sound waves physically getting into the cochlea.

What is vaccination?

a substance put into a patients body that is meant to provide immunity. MEANT TO BE PREVENTETIVE *********

How has vaccination impacted disease trends in our country

vaccinations are meant to decrease the spread of disease.

What is recombinant DNA technology?

when humans change DNA sequencing for a purpose.

attenuated vaccines

made by weakened pathogens ex. measles vaccine

killed vaccines

means inactivated. made from killed pathogens ex. whooping cough

toxoid vaccines

made from the toxins produced by the pathogen

subunit vaccines

vaccine made up from a portion of a pathogen. not alive. ex. hep B

what is an epidemiologist?

a person who studies outbreaks of diseases