APHG Unit 2

population density

Number of individuals per unit area

population distribution

a description of how individuals are distributed with respect to one another

Arithmetic density (population density)

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit area of arable land (farm-able)

Agricultural Density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land

Overpopulation

The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

carrying capacity

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

Population Pyramid

A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex

dependency ratio

the number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years

immigrant

a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country

Emigrant

a person who leaves their own country in order to settle permanently in another

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

life expectancy

A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live

crude death rate (cdr)

the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year

rate of natural Increase (RNI)

The percentage of annual growth in a population excluding migration.

Demographic Transition Model

change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

Epidemiological Transition

The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Boserup Theory

humans will always find a way to increase food production to feed growing populations

Malthusian Theory

Starvation is the inevitable result of population growth, because the population increases at a geometric rate while food supply can only increase arithmetically

natalist policy

Laws governments may adopt to control their population

Intervening obstacles and opportunities

• Causes people to not reach their desired destination

• Obstacles: mountains, bodies of water, legal documents, money

• Opportunities: jobs

step migration

migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages

Rural-urban migration

the movement of people from the countryside to the city

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

A set of 11 "laws" that can be organized into three groups: the reasons why migrants move, the distance they typically move, and their characteristics.

refugee

A person who has to leave his or her country to find safety.

Chain Migration

migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

Guest Workers

legal immigrant who has work visa, usually short term

political asylum

permission to remain in host country for those fleeing persecution

gravity model of migration

large communities have a greater pull and attract more migrants