AP World Unit 1

Islam and Africa

Who was Islam’s final prophet?

Muhammad

How did Muhammad change Mecca?

From small tribes to an empire - once he was kicked out and returned

What is Islam’s religious text?

The Quran

What are the 5 pillars (basic obligatory acts) of Islam?

1. Shahada: profession of faith

2. Salat: Ritual prayer 5x daily

3. Sawm: Ramadan fasting

4. Zakat: Almsgiving

5. Hajj: Mecca pilgrimage 1X LIFE 

What is Islam’s body of law?

Sharia

What is the Ummah?

Community of Muslim believers

What is a caliph?

Political leader of Islam

When did the Sunni/Shia divide begin?

1st caliph: Sunni’s wanted Abu Bakr (it was him), Shia wanted Muhammad Ali (son)

How did Islam conquer?

People pitted gods against each other: when Islam won, sign. Also, increased taxes on non-Muslims.

What form of government was in the Islamic Empire?

Theocracy: no separation between church and state.

What was the Abbasid Caliphate and how did it fall?

Islamic empire rulers, fell bc Turkish pastoralists from Central Asia took over.

What empire did the Turks have after the Abbasid Caliphate?

Ottoman Empire: reunited Islam

How did Islam influence India?

• Sultanate of Delhi in the North (Turkish Muslim rule, violent, Islamic minority in population)

• Vijayanagar Hindu Empire in the South: peaceful interactions

How did Islam influence Spain?

Started out diverse w/ many religions, everyone but Christians eventually got kicked out even though Muslim converted Christians were considered lesser by Muslim Spain.

What was East Africa like back then?

• Commercial city states, urban, hierarchy

• Indian Ocean trade, merchants, markets, and luxury goods

• Many people had Arab/Persian origins, Swahili had Arab words, African Muslims

What was West Africa like back then?

• Large territorial empires, rich monarchy rulers

• Trans-Saharan trade (taxing merchants = wealth), manufacturing centers

• Gender hierarchy and complementary, slaves from non-Islamic, southern, and stateless societies

Which African state is Christian still to this day?

Ethiopia

Did Sub-Saharan Africa convert to Islam?

Yes: northern Africans influenced rich kings to convert. African Muslims = mix of tradicional and Islamic beliefs