Early American Colonies, Caribbean Piracy, and Seven Years' War

What was the primary challenge to Spain's dominance in the Caribbean during the 1500s-1670?

Piracy, with England raiding extensively.

Who was Sir Francis Drake and what did he accomplish?

He was an English sea captain known for his cruises from 1577-1580 and for capturing Jamaica in 1655.

What significant treaty was signed in 1670, and what was its purpose?

The Treaty of Madrid, which aimed to negotiate peace and trade.

What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?

Jamestown, established in 1607.

What was the 'Starving Time' in Jamestown?

A period from 1609-1610 when settlers faced extreme food shortages.

Who were the Powhatan Indians and what was their relationship with Jamestown settlers?

They initially traded with the settlers but later fought against them, leading to the First Anglo-Powhatan War (1610-1614).

What crop did John Rolfe introduce to Jamestown, and what was its significance?

Tobacco, which became a cash crop and drove the economy.

What year did slavery begin in Jamestown?

1619, alongside the use of indentured servants.

What was the demographic trend regarding marriage in Virginia compared to New England?

Marriage was more common in Virginia, with a skewed gender ratio favoring men.

What was the Puritan approach to marriage in New England?

Marriage was serious, involving public intent announcements and private ceremonies without rings or vows.

What was the significance of the Magna Carta and Parliament to the colonists?

They valued British legal traditions and governance structures.

What was the outcome of the Global Seven Years War (1756-1763) for Britain?

Britain gained territory but incurred a significant war debt.

What was William Pitt's strategy during the French and Indian War?

To attack everywhere and spend whatever it takes to ensure victory.

What was the colonists' reaction to British taxes after the Seven Years War?

They protested violently through actions like tar and feathering and forming non-importation agreements.

What phrase became a rallying cry for colonists against taxation?

"No taxation without representation."

What were the First and Second Continental Congresses, and when did they occur?

They were gatherings of colonial representatives to coordinate protests against British policies, held in 1774 and 1775.

What was the impact of the Stamp Act of 1765?

It sparked significant political protests among colonists.

What was the significance of the MA Circular Letter (1768)?

It invited colonies to coordinate protests against British policies.

What was the demographic characteristic of Puritan families in New England?

They migrated as families, leading to a healthier population with a balanced sex ratio.

What was the role of courtship in Puritan society?

It involved parental consent and a balance of love with supervision, with strict rules against self-marriage.