OEC 6th Edition Chapter 6

The study of human and animal structures at the gross and microscopic levels is known as

Anatomy

The study of mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans is known as:

Physiology

Which one of the following anatomical statements is true?

A) The hand is proximal to the elbow.

B) The shoulder is distal to the hand.

C) The hip is distal to the knee.

D) The knee is proximal to the ankle.

D) The knee is proximal to the ankle.

After examining his patient, your partner tells you that he believes the patient has hyperflexed the knee. What has happened if a patient has hyperflexed a knee?

The patient has bent the knee backward beyond its normal range of movement.

You arrive at an accident scene and find a patient lying on the ground with her right arm straight out to the side (at a 90-degree angle to her body). You ask her if she is able to pull the arm toward her body, but she cannot. You would document this as an inability to __________ her right arm.

adduct

The wrist is:

A) proximal to the elbow.

B) lateral to the elbow.

C) distal to the elbow.

D) medial to the elbow.

C) distal to the elbow.

You arrive at the scene where a patient has a possible fracture of the left hip. You note that she is lying on her back and her left leg is turned outward. You would document this position as:

A) supine with lateral rotation of the left lower extremity.

B) lateral recumbent with dorsal rotation of the left leg.

C) supine with external rotation of the left lower extremity.

D) supine with pronation of the left leg.

C) supine with external rotation of the left lower extremity.

Which best describes the normal anatomic position?

Standing with the arms down at the sides and the palms facing forward

A man lying in the prone position is

lying face down.

Describe High Fowler's position

Patient is upright on their back, head of the bed raised 90 degrees

Blockage of what prevents air flow into and out of the lungs?

The trachea

What best describes the function of the respiratory system?

Providing the body oxygen

The structure containing the vocal cords is the:

Larynx

What is the epiglottis?

The leaf-shaped flap that helps prevent food from entering the lower respiratory system

What is the correct sequence for the passage of air into the lungs?

Mouth, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

Under normal circumstances, carbon dioxide is excreted from the body by what system?

The respiratory system

Which of the following systems is not a body system?

A) The endocrine system

B) The thoracic system

C) The skeletal system

D) The respiratory system

B) The thoracic system

The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the:

Abdominal cavity.

When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, which one of the following occurs?

Exhalation

What causes an individual to take a breath?

The diaphragm contracts.

Following chemotherapy, a low white cell count increases a patient's risk for what?

Infection

What is plasma?

The liquid that blood cells and nutrients are suspended in

The nervous system is subdivided into which two main parts?

The central and peripheral nervous system

A patient has suffered damage to his brainstem. As a result of this injury, what signs might you expect to see?

Abnormal respirations

Systolic pressure

The pressure exerted on the inside walls of arteries when the left ventricle contracts (heart beats), pushing blood to rest of body. This is the top number 

Three beneficial properties of cerebrospinal fluid

Helps cushion the brain, nutrient delivery, waste removal

As a patient gives her medical history to you, which of the following would you relate to the endocrine system?

A) Removal of the gallbladder

B) Failure of the kidneys

C) Removal of the thyroid

D) Heart failure

C) Removal of the thyroid

The thyroid glands, adrenal glands, pituitary glands, and gonads are part of which system?

Endocrine system.

A patient has suffered a burn to the skin. Based on the functions of the skin, to which of the following conditions is the patient most susceptible?

A) Infection

B) Fluid overload

C) Heart problems

D) Endocrine disorders

A) Infection

Which of the following statements regarding the integumentary system is true?

A) The skin protects the body against bacteria and other pathogens.

B) The skin contains four layers: the epidermal, dermal, subcutaneous, and nerve layers.

C) The epidermis is the thickest and most important layer of the skin.

D) The dermal layer is the outermost layer of the skin and contains sensory nerves.

A) The skin protects the body against bacteria and other pathogens.

Largest organ of the body

The skin

The terms occipital, frontal, and parietal refer to what part of the body?

The cranium

A new patroller tells you that he injured a tendon above his patella three years ago. You recognize that this injury involves a structure that:

A) connects muscles to the patella.

B) connects the cartilage in the knee.

C) attaches the patella to the femur.

D) attaches a ligament to the knee.

A) connects muscles to the patella.

Which of the following groups of bones could be involved in a patient with a "broken leg"?

A) Acetabulum, calcaneus, carpals

B) Femur, tibia, fibula

C) Orbit, maxillae, mandible

D) Radius, ulna, humerus

B) Femur, tibia, fibula

The bones of the upper extremities include the:

A) humerus and radius.

B) humerus and calcaneus.

C) phalanges and tibia.

D) radius, ulna, and tarsals.

A) humerus and radius.

Which identifies the regions of the spinal column from superior to inferior

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

A) Producing blood cells

B) Securing the abdominal organs in place

C) Providing structure to blood vessels

D) Preventing the body from infection

A) Producing blood cells

A patient experiencing thoracic spine pain has pain in his:

upper back

A patellar fracture affects which part of the body?

The knee

A female patient suffers from a muscular disease and cannot walk. Based on this fact, you should recognize which of the following muscle types is affected?

A) Skeletal muscle

B) Involuntary muscle

C) Cardiac muscle

D) Smooth muscle

A) Skeletal muscle

The spleen is part of which body system?

The lymphatic system

Function of hemoglobin

Iron rich protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from lungs to rest of body

Function of platelet fluid

Platelets are essential for clotting and healing

What is inspiration

The process of taking air into the lungs

What are the intercostal muscles

Muscles located between the ribs that help breathing by expanding and contracting the rib cage

What is diastolic pressure

Minimum pressure in your arteries when your heart relaxes between beats and is filling with blood, bottom number

What is prone position

When a person lies flat on their stomach with face turned to the side

What is lateral recumbency 

Position where a person lies on their side

What is dorsal rotation

Movement where body part moves to posterior side of the body

What is external rotation

Movement of limb away from center of body

What is pronation

Inward rolling movement of body part

Blood pressure

The force of your blood pushing agains the walls of the arteries. Systolic over diastolic, should be less than 120/80 mm HG

What does high blood pressure mean?

Stronger predictor of cariovascular events like heart attack or stroke

Hyperflexed vs hyperextended

Excessive bending of joint vs excessive straightening or moving backward

Abducted vs adducted

Movement of body part away from midline of body vs moving toward midline of body. Ex lifting arms out to side away from torso vs bringing back down to side

Distal vs proximal

Proximal is closer to the point of attachment/origin of structure, distal is farther, example is closer to main mass of body or farther, ex: elbow is proximal to the wrist