Language and Speech

What is the brain?

Lateralized

Lateralized

referring to the tendency for one cerebral hemisphere to excel at a particular function or skill compared with the other hemisphere

What type of functions of lateralized?

Speech
Writing
Reading

What hemisphere is used for language for right hand people?

Language is processed in the left hemisphere

Prosody

the patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry, conveys emotion and grammatical emphasis

What is the role of the right hemisphere?

Prosody

Wada test

a test in which a short-lasting barbiturate (sleeping durg) anesthetic is delivered into one carotid artery to determine which cerebral hemisphere principally mediates language

What places does electrical stimulation effect speech production?

Central Sulcus and Lateral Sulcus

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

a method of brain imaging that assesses metabolic activity by using a radioactive substance injected into the bloodstream

corpus callosum (by the right Hemisphere)

the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

corpus callosotomy

corpus callosum severed to stop epileptic seizures ->
brain has more difficulty sending messages between hemispheres

For Left Hemisphere in Split Brain People

the left brain should be more conscious

split brain patients

corpus collosum is severed, two hemispheres of the brain don't communicate as effectively

passively viewing words

Increase Primary Cortex

Listening to Word

Temporal cortex (auditory cortex)

word association

broca and wernicke area

Speaking Words region

Broca's area and Wernicke

right visual cortex

show up in left hempishere

Aphasis

common result of damage to the left cerebral hemisphere, where the language areas are located to produce language

Causes of Aphasis

stroke, head injury, brain tumor

What does Aphasis not effect?

Intelligence

What does Aphasia cause?

speaking, understanding, reading, and writing

Broca's aphasia (motor aphasia)

able to understand language but difficult producing

Where is Broca's area located?

left inferior frontal cortex

Wernicke's aphasia (sensory apahasia)

condition resulting from damage to Wernicke's area, causing the affected person to talk but not be able to understand

Problems with damage to Wernicke

not be able to read or write

Location of damage in Wernicke Area

posterior part of the left superior temporal gyrus

Summary of Broca's Aphasia

Halting speech•
Tendency to repeat phrases or words•
Disordered speech•
Comprehension of speech intact

Summary of Werncike Aphasia

Fluent speech•
Little repetition of words•
Reasonably "ordered" speech•
Comprehension of speech NOT intact

How does Primary Auditory cortex relate to Wernicke area?

Area contains sound images of words which allows for comprehension

Broca's area

Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.

How does Broca area relate to cranial nerve?

store programs for motor to send to facial area of motor cortex which goes to cranial nerves to speak

Dolphin language

Dolphins have been shown to have a language just as effective as many forms of human communication.. Report talking whale