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Eclectic Approach
Combines various therapeutic techniques for effectiveness.
Sigmund Freud
Originator of psychoanalysis and personality theory.
Self-Analysis
Freud's method of exploring personal psychological traumas.
Psychosexual Stages
Key developmental phases in Freud's personality theory.
Deterministic View
Freud's belief that behavior is driven by unconscious forces.
Libido
Energy of life instincts, originally sexual in nature.
Life Instincts
Instincts oriented towards survival, growth, and creativity.
Death Instincts
Aggressive drives manifesting as self-destructive behavior.
Id
Raw, unorganized part of personality operating on pleasure.
Ego
Rational part of personality working on reality principle.
Superego
Conscience representing moral standards and right vs. wrong.
Consciousness
Thin layer of awareness, like the iceberg's tip.
Unconscious
Stores repressed memories and inaccessible motivations.
Dream Analysis
Interpreting dreams to uncover unconscious needs and wishes.
Freudian Slips
Unintentional errors revealing unconscious thoughts.
Posthypnotic Suggestions
Instructions given during hypnosis affecting later behavior.
Free Association
Technique to explore unconscious by verbalizing thoughts.
Projective Techniques
Methods revealing personality through ambiguous stimuli.
Symbolic Content
Hidden meanings in psychotic symptoms indicating unconscious issues.
Personality Structure
Consists of Id, Ego, and Superego interacting as a whole.
Pleasure Principle
Id's drive to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.
Reality Principle
Ego's strategy to satisfy Id's desires realistically.
Moral Principle
Superego's guidance based on ethical standards.
Aggressive Drives
Instinctual urges leading to self-harm or harm to others.
Therapeutic Goal
Making unconscious motives conscious for better choices.
Insight
Understanding of one's psychological dynamics through therapy.
Symbolic Representation
Dreams and slips reflecting unconscious thoughts.
Key Techniques
Methods used to access the unconscious in therapy.
Unconscious
Central to psychoanalytic model; drives behavior.
Neurotic Symptoms
Manifestations of unresolved unconscious conflicts.
Cure
Uncovering meaning of symptoms and repressed material.
Transference Distortions
Client's old patterns affecting therapeutic relationship.
Anxiety
Feeling of dread from repressed emotions.
Reality Anxiety
Fear of real danger from external threats.
Neurotic Anxiety
Fear of losing control over instincts.
Moral Anxiety
Fear of violating one's moral conscience.
Ego
Part of personality mediating between id and superego.
Id
Primitive part of personality; seeks pleasure.
Superego
Moral conscience; internalized societal standards.
Ego Defence Mechanisms
Coping strategies to manage anxiety unconsciously.
Adaptive Value
Defences can be beneficial if not overused.
Development of Personality
Early stages shape future personality and behavior.
Fixation
Stuck at developmental stage due to unmet needs.
Therapeutic Process
Goal is to enhance adaptive functioning and resolve conflicts.
Make Unconscious Conscious
Primary goal of psychoanalytic therapy.
Strengthen Ego
Enhance reality-based decision making.
Therapeutic Techniques
Methods to reveal unconscious material.
Conflict Resolution
Addressing and resolving internal psychological conflicts.
Psychological Immaturity
Behavioral patterns from unresolved developmental issues.
First Six Years
Foundation for personality development according to Freud.
Intellectual Insight
Understanding alone is insufficient for symptom resolution.
Healthy Functioning
Optimal psychological state free from neurotic symptoms.
Repressed Material
Thoughts and feelings pushed out of conscious awareness.
State of Tension
Motivates action in response to anxiety.
Conscience
Inner sense of right and wrong.
Childhood Experiences
Restructured to enhance self-understanding and character change.
Therapist's Role
Assumes anonymous, non-judgmental stance in therapy.
Blank-Screen Approach
Therapist avoids self-disclosure to foster transference.
Transference Relationship
Transfer of feelings from past relationships to therapist.
Therapeutic Work
Analyzing projections from unfinished, repressed situations.
Self-Awareness
Key goal of psychoanalysis for clients.
Client's Resistances
Therapist pays attention to client's defensive behaviors.
Interpretation
Accelerates uncovering of unconscious material in therapy.
Listening Skills
Therapist listens for gaps and inconsistencies in stories.
Dream Analysis
Inferring meaning from reported dreams in therapy.
Free Associations
Client's spontaneous thoughts analyzed for therapeutic insights.
Therapeutic Change
Depends on client's readiness, not therapist's accuracy.
Reworking Patterns
Clients learn to act in new, freer ways.
Psychodynamic Therapy
Has limited objectives compared to traditional psychoanalysis.
Couch Usage
Less likely to use a couch in psychodynamic therapy.
Session Frequency
Fewer sessions per week in psychodynamic therapy.
Supportive Interventions
Includes reassurance and empathy in therapy.
Therapist Self-Disclosure
More latitude without affecting transference dynamics.
Mutual Transference
Focus on both client and therapist's emotional exchanges.
Practical Concerns
Emphasis on immediate issues over fantasy material.
Awareness Techniques
Aim to increase client's insight into their behavior.
Catharsis
Emotional release leading to deeper understanding.
Intellectual Understanding
Goal of therapy for cognitive insights.
Emotional Understanding
Aims for emotional clarity and reeducation.
Personality Change
Desired outcome from psychoanalytic therapy process.
Therapeutic Techniques
Six basic techniques guide psychoanalytic therapy.
Analytic Framework
Procedural structure for achieving therapy goals.
Analyst's Anonymity
Therapist's non-identifiable presence during sessions.
Neutrality
Therapist's impartial stance in therapy.
Objectivity
Therapist's unbiased perspective on client issues.
Meeting Consistency
Regular scheduling of therapy sessions.
Boundary Issues
Limits on therapist's influence and advice.
Free Association
Clients express thoughts without censorship.
Unconscious Material
Repressed thoughts and feelings influencing behavior.
Catharsis
Emotional release from repressed feelings.
Resistance
Client's avoidance of certain thoughts or feelings.
Therapist's Interpretation
Analyst explains meaning behind client behaviors.
Therapeutic Alliance
Collaborative relationship between therapist and client.
Ego Assimilation
Integrating new insights into the self.
Hypothesis in Interpretation
Possible meanings presented as non-definitive insights.
Client Readiness
Client's ability to accept therapeutic interpretations.
Timing of Interpretation
Presenting insights when client is receptive.
Surface to Depth
Starting interpretations from conscious awareness.
Hidden Meaning
Underlying significance beyond surface content.
Anxiety Cues
Indicators of distress in client associations.
