PT - ch 11 exam 3

What are the units of measurement for heart rate (HR)?

Beats per minute (bpm).

What is the formula for age-predicted HRmax (APHRmax)?

220 – age.

What does blood pressure (BP) measure?

The force of blood pushing against artery walls.

What are the BP units?

Millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

What do the two BP values represent?

• Upper number = Systolic BP (pressure during heart contraction)

• Lower number = Diastolic BP (pressure during heart relaxation)

How do HR and BP respond during increasing exercise intensity?

Both HR and BP rise as exercise intensity increases.

HR and BP values at rest, submaximal, and maximal exercise?

• Rest: low HR/BP

• Submax: moderate increase

• Max: peak HR and high systolic BP

How do HR and BP change after long-term aerobic training?

• Resting HR & BP ↓

• Submax HR ↓

• Max HR same or slightly ↓, but improved performance

What factors influence acute exercise responses (HR, BP, etc.)?

Intensity, type, duration, rest, and training status.

What’s the procedure for assessing HR and BP?

• HR: count pulse 15 sec × 4

• BP: seated 5+ min, cuff 1 inch above elbow crease, inflate ~160 mmHg, release slowly, listen for Korotkoff sounds.

Common errors in HR/BP measurement?

Talking, wrong cuff size, fast deflation, poor positioning, or lack of rest.

Ideal conditions for accurate resting HR/BP?

Morning, seated quietly, no caffeine, tobacco, or exercise beforehand.

What BP value classifies stage 1 hypertension (pre-hypertensive)?

Systolic 130–139 mmHg or Diastolic 80–89 mmHg.

What are normal resting HR values for adults?

60–100 bpm (lower in athletes).

What two factors determine resting HR rating?

Age and sex.

What’s the difference between external and internal training load?

• External: total work (sets × reps × load or distance × intensity).

• Internal: body’s response (HR, RPE).

How is training load calculated for aerobic vs resistance training?

• Aerobic: RPE × duration

• Resistance: RPE × total reps or sets × reps × load

Define body composition.

Ratio of fat, muscle, bone, and water in the body.

Why is body composition better than total body mass?

It distinguishes between fat and lean tissue.

What affects resting HR/BP measurements?

Temperature, stress, meals, caffeine, posture, and time of day.

In resistance training, how is external load calculated?

Sets × reps × load.

The first Korotkoff sound during BP measurement represents?

Systolic BP.

Which combination represents external training load?

Sets × reps × load.

Why is waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) a better health predictor than BMI?

It shows fat distribution (central obesity risk).

Archimedes’ principle measures body density using what?

Volume of water displaced.

True/False: BIA estimates body fat based on tissue conductivity.

True.

How do body position and time of day affect HR and BP?

Standing or later in the day increases HR and BP slightly.

Compare hydrostatic weighing, air displacement, and BIA.

• Hydrostatic: underwater weighing, most accurate.

• Air displacement: measures air pressure change (BodPod).

• BIA: quick and noninvasive, affected by hydration.

YMCA vs Astrand-Rhyming Cycle Test differences?

• YMCA: multiple 3-min stages, stops at 85% HRmax.

• Astrand-Rhyming: single 6-min load, steady HR >120 bpm.

Which test measures maximal upper-body strength?

5RM Bench Press.