Renaissance Italy

Filippo Brunelleschi

Filippo Brunelleschi

An Italian architect known for his innovative designs, including the dome of Florence Cathedral, which is considered a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture.

Humanism

An intellectual movement during the Renaissance that emphasized the value of human beings, their achievements, and their potential.

Palazzo Pitti

A Renaissance palace in Florence, originally owned by Luca Pitti and later acquired by the Medici family, known for its grandeur and size.

Basilica of San Lorenzo

A church in Florence designed by Filippo Brunelleschi and serving as the burial place of the Medici family, showcasing Renaissance architectural principles.

Uffizi

A prominent museum in Florence, originally built as offices for Florentine magistrates, now housing a vast collection of Italian Renaissance art donated by the Medici family.

Pietro Lombardo

An architect known for his work in Venice during the Renaissance, including the Palazzo Vendramin and the church of Santa Maria dei Miracoli.

Scuola Grande di San Marco

A building from 1487 designed by Martino Lombardo, featuring perspective reliefs by Tullio Lombardo on the ground floor.

S. Giorgio Dei Greci

A church from 1539 designed by Sante Lombardo, known for its mature Renaissance facade.

San Zaccaria

Designed by Antonio Gambello; has nearly every wall covered with paintings by 17th and 18th century artists

Palazzo Bevilacqua

A building from 1530 designed by Michel Sanmicheli, featuring a rusticated lower story and an elegant upper floor.

Library of St. Mark

A structure from 1537 designed by Jacopo Sansovino.

Loggetta of the Campanille

A structure from 1546 designed by Jacopo Sansovino, inspired by the triumphal arch in imperial Roman style.

Basilica Palladiana

A famous building from 1549 with Renaissance arcades by Andrea Palladio, known for the "Palladian Motif."

Villa Capra (La Rotonda)

A villa from 1567 designed by Andrea Palladio, featuring a symmetrical square plan with identical porticoes on each facade.

Villa Barbaro

A villa from 1560 designed by Andrea Palladio for Daniele Barbaro.

San Giorgio Maggiore

A building from 1566 by Andrea Palladio, with the facade completed by Vincenzo Scamozzi.

Il Redentore

A structure from 1575 by Andrea Palladio.

Palazzo Pesaro

A building from 1659 begun by Baldassare Longhena and finished by Gian Antonio Gaspari in the Baroque style.

Palazzo Rezzonico

A building from 1649 begun by Baldassare Longhena and finished by Giorgio Massari in the Baroque style.

Santa Maria della Salute

A church from 1631 by Baldassare Longhena, representing Venetian Baroque architecture with an octagonal plan and spacious ambulatory.

Il Gesu Church

The first Jesuit church in Rome, known for its Baroque style and the trompe-l’oeil painting "Triumph of the Name of Jesus" by Giovanni Battista Gaulli.

Tempietto

A monument marking the spot where St. Peter was martyred, designed by Bramante in full Renaissance style resembling a Roman round temple.

St. Peter’s Basilica

The central church of Roman Catholicism, the most important building of the Renaissance, and the largest house of worship in the world, accommodating 50,000-60,000

Rinascimiento

Italian term for “Renaissance“

Renaissance

Movement applied not only in architecture, but also in literature and painting, and customs

Giorgio Vasari

Italian painter, writer, historian, & architect, famous for his biographies of Renaissance artists.

Giorgio Vasari

He coined the term “Renaissance“ (rinascita) in print, through an awareness of the on going “rebirth“ in arts

Giorgio Vasari

He wrote the book “Le Vite de' Piv Eccellenti Pittori Scultori et Architettori“ (Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects)

simplicity; balance

Renaissance artist rejected the intricacy & verticality of Gothic for the _____ & _____ of Renaissance.

Humanism

Appreciation of physical beauty and having strong concern for human welfare, values, and dignity formed the governing intellectual principle of the Italian Renaissance.

“man is the measure of all things“

Classical Greek philosophy rediscovered in the Renaissance

studia humanitatis

A Renaissance educational program focusing on grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, and moral philosophy to cultivate well-rounded individuals.

Vitruvius

Roman architect and author of "De architectura," Vitruvius emphasized the importance of symmetry, proportion, and durability in architecture.

Renaissance Architecture

Architectural style that emerged in Florence, Italy & spread throughout Europe, characterized by symmetry, proportion, and a revival of classical Greek & Roman design elements.

Filippo Brunnelleschi

• One of the three key figures in Renaissance architecture

• First Renaissance architect

• Applied elements of classical Roman architecture

• Devised a way to draw linear perspective

Leon Battista Alberti

• One of the three key figures in Renaissance architecture

• Wrote the “Ten Books of Architecture“

• Explained the principles behind linear perspective

Ten Books of Architecture

This book became the bible of Renaissance architecture.

Andrea Palladio

• One of the three key figures in Renaissance architecture

• Specialized in domestic architecture

• His “Four Books of Architecture“ gained him recognition

• Chief architect of the Venetian Republic

Proto Baroque, Palladian, Baroque, Rococo or Late Baroque

Development of Renaissance Architecture

Proto Baroque

• Development of Renaissance Architecture

• Evident in the works of Michelangelo

• Churches are crowned with domes

• Regular distribution of fenestrations

Palladian

• Development of Renaissance Architecture

• Inspired by the Roman-like designs of Andrea Palladio

• Emphasizes proportion & symmetry

Baroque

• Development of Renaissance Architecture

• Seen in the works of Lorenzo Bernini

• Strong curves and rich decorations define the style

Rococo or Late Baroque

• Development of Renaissance Architecture

• Florid, asymmetrical, and elaborate in style

Symmetrical

_________ plan is a characteristic in Renaissance architecture.

rusticated

Walls are ______ to give an impression of dignity

quions

Rusticated wall corners to give an appearance of strength.

inginocchiata

kneeling windows; window supported by aedicules or framed by columns on either side and a pediment

dome

______ is the predominant feature in roofs

classic

________ orders were used for the columns and their proportions are standardized

astylar

facade without columns

Pietra forte

Stone materials used as exterior

Pietra serena

Stone materials used as interior

balustrades

Low-pitched roofs are hidden by _________

Medici family

They dominated Renaissance Florence’s political and cultural life, and are most famous for their patronage of the arts. They were the catalyst for an enormous amount of arts patronage, encouraging his countrymen to commission works from the leading artists of Florence, including Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, and Michelangelo Buonarroti.

patronage

Wealthy Florentines flaunt their money and power by becoming patrons of artists and intellectuals.

Dome of Florence Cathedral

Designed by Filippo Brunelleschi. Its is the largest dome ever constructed, with a blend of Gothic building and Renaissance dome.

Sto. Spirito

Designed by Brunelleschi, finished by Antonio Manetti. The interior is Brunelleschi’s best version of Renaissance showing linear spaces in a perfect sense of propotion.

Basilica of San Lorenzo

Church and burial place of the Medici’s who funded its construction; Designed by Filippo Brunelleschi

S. Maria Novella

Flanking scrolls were used to connect the aisles and nave; façade by Leon Battista Alberti

Palazzo Pitti

Owned by Luca Pitti and bought by the Medici family in 1549 astylar and the largest palace in Italy

Palazzo Medici Riccardi

Faced in rusticated stone (pietra forte)

Artists often leave their marks on the stones, taking pride of their participation in the building of this structure

rusticated blocks

__________ became a status symbol as the materials were costly and rare

grafitti

Artists often leave their marks or ______ on the stones, taking pride of their participation in the building of this structure

Palazzo Strozzi

by Benedetto da Majano and finished Cronaca; the windows are its attractive features

Palazzo Rucellai

by Leon Battista Alberti and finished by Bernardo Rossellino; the first astylar building of the Renaissance

Villa Medici, Poggio a Caiano

by Giuliano da Sangallo; UNESCO World Heritage, 2013

one of the most splendid summer residences of the noble Florentine family

Foundling Hospital (Ospedale Degli Inocenti)

It was the first of its kind in Europe to care for the abandoned babies; by Filippo Brunelleschi is a notable example of early Italian Renaissance

Palazzo Pandolfini

very much Roman but done with a Florence touch; Raphael Santi

The Uffizi

begun by Giorgio Vasari for Cosimo de' Medici for the offices of the Florentine magistrates, hence the name uffizi, "offices"

one of the best museums in the world opened in 1765

home to the world’s greatest collection of Italian Renaissance art donated by the Medici family with the agreement that these should not leave Florence

Palazzo Verdamin

Designed by Pietro Lombardo

Sta. Maria Dei Miracoli

• (Virgin Mary of Miracles)

• a miniature church by Pietro Lombardo and sons Antonio and Tullio

• known as the “marble church” in grey, white and pink polychrome finish

• the barrel-vaulted ceiling embellished by polychrome marbles

• popular Venetian wedding venue

Piazza Del Campidoglio

Laid on the summit of the Capitoline Hill, the most important of Rome's seven hills; Oblique arrangement of buildings create a trapezoidal space that gives a sense of largeness

The first modern square to be designed in Rome

Palazzo Senatorio

Symbol of civil power of the city of Rome

by Giacomo della Porta, Michelangelo and Girolamo

Palazzo Farnese

Pentagon plan in reddish gold stone, ornament was minimal to achieve proportion and harmony while the villa dominates the surroundings, its severe design complements

by Giacomo da Vignola, Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and Baldassare Pentuzzi

Scala Regia

Masterpiece grand helical stair in granite with frescoes on the walls and dome

Il Gesu Church

First Jesuit church in Rome, one of the best examples of Baroque

The triumph of the name of Jesus - the ceiling is painted in trompe-l'oeil' by Giovanni Battista Gaulli

Tempietto

Marks the spot where St. Peter was martyred

Bramante's design in full Renaissance design