social class

rosenthal

study where students were given IQ tests in class, without teachers knowing results

looked at assumptions they made which were often based on gender, ethnicity and social class

adds to concepts of being semi class conscious and aware of being marginalised and labelled based on external factors rather than academic ability

cicourel

observations witg the police and criminal justice systems

found process of deviancy labelling with 3 stages and relies on a series of interactions and labelling

1: police stop, interrogate and search an individual based on what they think is suspicious

2. police arrest individual, depending on their appearance and manner and the replies suspect give to police

3. probation officer compares a picture of a typical delinquent to the suspect to see if they fit into the profile

at each stage, depending on the behaviour of the individual, the label of being deviant may not be applied

justice can be negotiated depending on social class and status

alexander

supports the labelling theory

‘myth of the asian gang’

showed how WC british asian men were more likely to be labelled as deviant despite being a group off friends.

2001 Oldham riots, where young asian men confronted police and national front demonstrators to protest racism

labelled as criminals by the media

she suggests labelling is more likely to occur for members of ethnic minority groups

reay

poverty of aspiration in the Uk today and this largely stems from school, especially state school

cutting trips, drama and creative classes mean that working class boys are not given the ambition and opportunity to succeed or to even believe that they should aim high

katz

post modernist

rejects the notion that subcultural membership is classed based.

youth are interested in the pleasure of transgression, thrill of misbehaviour and break with routine

social class is no longer a key element of our identity since we now have choices based on consumerism - oppose the marxist theory of subcultures