Acids, Bases & the pH Scale Review

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to acids, bases, and the pH scale based on the lecture notes.

Acid

A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) in water.

Base

A substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water.

Neutralization Reaction

A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form water and a salt.

Hydronium Ion

The ion formed when water bonds to a hydrogen ion (H₃O⁺).

pH Scale

A scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution.

Equivalence Point

The point in a titration where the number of hydrogen ions equals the number of hydroxide ions.

Strong Acid

An acid that ionizes completely in water.

Weak Acid

An acid that only partially ionizes in water.

Arrhenius Base

A base that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

A substance that donates a proton (H⁺).

Bronsted-Lowry Base

A substance that accepts a proton (H⁺).

Conductivity in Acids and Bases

As the strength of an acid or base increases, its conductivity generally increases.

Products of Neutralization

Water (H₂O) and a salt.

Acidic Solution

A solution with a pH less than 7.

Basic Solution

A solution with a pH greater than 7.

pH Change Factor

A change of 1 unit in pH represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.