Amendments and Supreme Court Cases

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from lecture notes on Amendments and Supreme Court Cases, designed to help students review for their final exam.

4th Amendment

Protects against unreasonable search and seizure; requires a warrant based on probable cause for searches in private domains.

5th Amendment

Protects against self-incrimination and double jeopardy; ensures due process rights.

6th Amendment

Guarantees the right to a lawyer, an impartial jury, cross-examination, and a speedy trial in criminal cases.

7th Amendment

Establishes procedures for resolving disputes in civil cases.

8th Amendment

Protects against cruel and unusual punishments and excessive bail.

Due Process

Ensures that government laws and procedures are fair and reasonable, especially when someone is accused of a crime or has their land taken (eminent domain).

14th Amendment

Guarantees equal protection under the law and grants birthright citizenship.

Exclusionary Rule

Evidence obtained without a warrant cannot be used against you in court.

5th Amendment Rights

The right to remain silent, protection against being tried twice for the same crime, and the right to be informed of one's rights.

Establishment Clause

The government cannot favor one religion over another.

Lemon Test

A test to determine if taxpayer money can be used to support private/religious schools without violating the Establishment Clause.

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier Ruling

Schools can censor student speech if they find the topic inappropriate.

Bethel v. Fraser Ruling

Schools can limit speech if it is lewd or vulgar and disrupts the school atmosphere.

Lemon v. Kurtzman Ruling

Taxpayer money cannot be used to support private/religious schools.

Morse v. Frederick Ruling

Schools can limit and punish pro-illegal substance messages; students do not have the same speech rights as adults in school.

Miranda v. Arizona Ruling

All people must be informed of their rights at the time of arrest (Miranda Rights).

NJ v. TLO Ruling

Schools can search students without a warrant if they have reasonable suspicion.

Tinker v. Des Moines Ruling

Students have freedom of expression as long as it does not disrupt learning; symbolic speech is protected.

Mapp v. Ohio Ruling

Evidence obtained from an illegal search or seizure cannot be used in court.

Roper v. Simmons Ruling

Sentencing a minor to death is unconstitutional.