CompGov Final Review

why would governments want to devolve power

allow for more power within regional governments (federal)

political culture

the collective attitudes, values, and beliefs of the citizenry and the norms of behavior in the political system

how is the president elected in mexico

plurality, candidate who gets most votes wins (not majority)

how is the president elected in iran

direct popular vote (majority), greenlit by Guardian Council, if no majority is found then a runoff election is held by top 2 candidates

how is the president elected in china

chosen via the central committee (200 members in closed doors), which is chosen by the Communist Party

how is the president elected in Russia

direct popular vote (majority), if no majority is found then a runoff election is held by top 2 candidates

how is the Duma elected in Russia

proportional representation (7% to win)

how is the president elected in UK

winning party chooses it in parliament (people are voted for by the people)

how is the president elected in nigeria

direct election (plurality), over 25% of the vote in at least 24 of the 36 states, if no winner, a runoff election is held by top 2 candidates

whats the role of judiciary in china

uses rule by law and is controlled by the communist party

nafta

North American Free Trade Agreement; allows open trade with US, Mexico, and Canada.

maquiladoras

The term given to zones in northern Mexico with factories supplying manufactured goods to the U.S. market. The low-wage workers in the primarily foreign-owned factories assemble imported components and/or raw materials and then export finished goods.

usmca

New "NAFTA": agreement between U.S, Mexico, and Canada aimed to make fairer trades between the U.S and its neighbors

tariff

A tax on imported goods

pemex

Mexican Petroleum; a government agency that runs the oil industry in Mexico

remittance

a payment of money sent to a person in another place

National Action Party

Mexican political party that took power in the 2000 presidential election, right wing party

MORENA (National Regeneration Movement)

left-wing political party in Mexico that was organized in order to win more elections in a right-wing society

PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party)

gained dominance in Mexico since 1929 in response to Mexico's newly found independence from Spain; center + had dominance for 80 years

how many levels of government does mexico have

3; national, sub-regional, and local executive (mayors)

porfirato

era of dictatorial rule led by Porfiro Diaz. said to be a "progressive dictatorship" because of the good economic reforms at the cost of free press and political liberty

September 16th, 1810

Mexican Independence Day

Mexican Election of 2000

marked the first time the PRI lost a national election in seventy years.

PRI dominance

PRI has won every election from 1920-2000 and controlled civil society + media + government jobs

Mexico was a corporatist state between

1940 and 1990

Cry of Dolores

Hidalgo's call to arms that started the Mexican War of Independence against the Spain army

80% of Mexicans are

Roman Catholic

how many states does Mexico have

31 states

supranational organizations

EU, ECOWAS, WTO

do supranational organizations increase or lower sovereignty

lower

UK Nationalization

NHS

UK privatization

Thatcherism, (sort of) austerity

China nationalization

Special Economic Zones (SEZ), State Owned Enterprises (SOE)

China privatization

Alibaba (tech company)

• more influence on them bc of growing dependence for tech

Russia nationalization

Gazprom (national oil company run by Russia)

Russia privatization

oil companies (run by SIloviky aka the patron client system)

• perestroika (economic openness)

• oligarchs with ties to Putin (which then run the oil companies)

Iran nationalization

Bonyads (charitable trusts part of the patron/client system)

• media (state controlled)

Nigeria nationalization

NNPC (Nigeria National Petroleum Company)

Nigeria privatization

SHELL oil company + illegal oil refineries

Mexico nationalization

PEMEX (national oil company)

• inefficient

• in debt (hard to be in the oil industry)

Mexico privatization

Maquiladoras (factories in the North auto industry)

Cartels (20% of economy)

Walmart

What does Mexico import from the US

• refined petroleum/oil

• petroleum gas

• motor vehicles

What does Mexico export to the US

• delivery trucks

• motor vehicles

Prebendalism

Patron-client system for Nigeria; elected officials and government workers get government revenue to benefit their supporters

ECOWAS

Economic Community of West African States, basically the EU for 12 African countries

• economic integration for "all fields of economic activity"

• supranational organization

Biafra

Area that tried to break away from Nigeria in a civil war that lasted from 1967 to 1970.

• similar to Tibet/Chechnea/Ukraine

Federal Character (Nigeria)

president must receive 25% of vote in 2/3 of regions.

• causes inefficient bureaucracy because of the bloat of insider trading between bureaucrats + business firms

INEC

Independent National Electoral Commission; monitored elections in earlier Nigeria republics

MEND

Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta

• militant group in the Niger Delta

• wants to end oil production

gender quota

a legal requirement that a minimum number of party nominations or legislative seats be occupied by women

percent of women in mexico senate

50%

percent of women in mexico chamber of deputies

50%

election of representatives in mexican chamber of deputies

300 seats = plurality, SMD/FPTP

200 seats = proportional

election of representatives in mexican senate

128 total seats

96 = SMD/FPTP

32 = proportional

how many seats are in mexican senate

128

how many seats are in mexican chamber of deputies

500

is mexico rule of law or rule by law

rule of law (though, risk of cartel makes decision making tenuous for supreme court officials)

is nigeria rule of law or rule by law

rule of law (despite corruption, nigeria does not bend its laws to hurt specific indivuduals)

is china rule of law or rule by law

rule by law

is russia rule of law or rule by law

rule by law

is iran rule of law or rule by law

rule by law (has judicial review but corruption makes their decision-making complicated)

is the uk rule of law or rule by law

rule of law

iran's system of government

theocracy

elected iran positions

president, parliament, 50% of guardian council, assembly of experts

unelected iran positions

supreme leader, armed forces, head of judiciary, expediency council, 50% of guardian council

role of guardian council

• 12 people total; 6 elected from parliament, 6 directly chosen by Head of Judiciary (who follows the will of Supreme Leader)

• approves/vetos laws sent from the parliament

• can veto laws based on religious reasoning (not islamic enough? veto)

role of expediency council

• all members directly chosen by Supreme Leader

• helps speed up the lawmaking process between Parliament and Guardian Council

role of head of judiciary

• Directly chosen by Supreme Leader

• Nominates the 6 unelected members of Guardian Council

• Ensures the function and usage of Islamic law created vetted by Guardian Council

• proof of the lack of judicial review since the judiciary is directly related to the government

can the guardian council veto presidents in elections

yes

role of assembly of experts

• Directly elected

• Clerics

• Chooses the Supreme Leader

Are directly elected positions in Iranian government actually directly elected

No, Guardian Council is run by the will of Supreme Leader + they can directly intervene in elections

trade union congress

UK national trade union center that represents the majority of trade unions