Nervous System Overview

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31 Terms

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Afferent
________ (sensory neurons): nerve fibers responsible for bringing sensory information from different parts of the body to the CNS.
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Interneurons
________: central nodes of neural circuits, enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons and the CNS.
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Spinal cord
________: gray matter surrounded by white matter.
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Cell bodies
________ are located just outside of the spinal cord in the dorsal root ganglion.
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White matter
________: mainly nerve fibres with their myelin sheaths.
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Brain
________: white matter surrounded by grey matter.
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Brain
white matter surrounded by grey matter
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White matter
mainly nerve fibres with their myelin sheaths
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Grey matter
mainly nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites
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Spinal cord
gray matter surrounded by white matter
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
discrete activation
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Sympathetic Nervous System
diffuse activation
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Afferent (sensory neurons)
nerve fibers responsible for bringing sensory information from different parts of the body to the CNS
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Interneurons
central nodes of neural circuits, enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons and the CNS
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Efferent nerves
nerves that carry nerve impulses away from the CNS
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chemical transmitter
acetyl choline
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either
acetyl choline or norepinephrine
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Nervous System consists of
* Central Nervous System (CNS)
* Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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the Central Nervous System (CNS) can be divided into
* Brain
* Spinal cord
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the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) can be divided into
* Somatic Nervous System
* Autonomic Nervous System
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12 pairs of cranial nerves:
* olfactory (CN I)
* optic (CN II)
* oculomotor (CN III)
* trochlear (CN IV)
* trigeminal (CN V)
* abducent (or abducens; CN VI)
* facial (CN VII)
* vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
* glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
* vagus (CN X)
* accessory (CN XI)
* hypoglossal (CN XII)
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31 pairs of spinal nerves:
* 8 cervical nerve pairs (C1-C8)
* 12 thoracic nerve pairs (T1-T12)
* 5 lumbar nerve pairs (L1-L5)
* 5 sacral (S1-S5)
* 1 coccygeal nerve pair
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Types of Neurons
* Afferent (sensory neurons)


* Interneurons
* Efferent nerves (motor neurons)
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3 main parts of the Brain
* cerebrum
* brainstem
* cerebellum
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Somatic Nervous System innervates
skeletal muscles
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Autonomic Nervous System innervates
smooth muscles
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one neuron between CNS and the target organ in the _____ nervous system
**Somatic Nervous System**
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Autonomic Nervous System
two neurons between CNS and the target organ
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Autonomic Nervous System efferent arise from
lateral horn cells
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Somatic Nervous System chemical transmitter
acetylcholine
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Autonomic Nervous System chemical transmitter
acetylcholine or norepinephrine