Scince test Unit 1 part 1

habitat

The place where an organism lives, terrestrial or aquatic.

Atmosphere

The layer of gases surrounding Earth

Lithosphere

Earth's solid outer layer, the rocky layer

Hydrosphere

All of Earth's water in solid, liquid, and gas form.

Biosphere

The zone around Earth where life can exist.

Ecosystem

All living organisms in a region interacting with each other and the environment.

Biotic factors

living chemical and physical parts in a environment

Abiotic factors

the Non-living physical and chemical parts of an ecosystem.

Organism

A single living member of a species.

Population

A group of the same type of organisms.

Community

Different populations in an ecosystem.

Sustainable ecosystem

An ecosystem maintained through natural processes.

Evaporation

Water molecules rising from a body of water into the atmosphere.

Transpiration

Water vapor released through plants into the atmosphere.

Condensation

Water molecules cooling and turning from gas to liquid in the atmosphere.

Precipitation

Condensed water falling from the sky in various forms.

Carbon Source

Any source emitting carbon into the environment.

Carbon Sink

Any source absorbing carbon from the environment.

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

Bacteria converting atmosphere nitrogen for plant use.

Denitrifying Bacteria

Bacteria converting nitrogen in soil to atmospheric nitrogen.

Two ways that nitrogen can be fixed

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Lightning

Ecological Niche

The role of a species in its ecosystem, including interactions.

Food chain

Graphic showing 'who eats whom' and energy transfer.

Herbivore

Animal that eats plants and animals

Carnivore

Animal that eats other animals

Omnivore

Animal that eats only plants and animals

Scavenger

Animal that eats the remains of another animals

Decomposer

Animals and microorganism that break down the remains of another organism

Food web

Complex graphic showing multiple food chains in an ecosystem.

Trophic level

Feeding position in an ecosystem.

Energy Pyramid

Graphic showing energy flow through trophic levels.

Photosynthesis

the process plants use to create their own food (called GLUCOSE)

Producer

Any organism that can convert the Sun's energy into chemical energy

The word equation for photosynthesis is:

carbon dioxide + water + energy (from the Sun) → glucose + oxygen

Consumers

are organisms that can't make their own food. They must go out and hunt for their food.

The word equation for Cellular Respiration is:

oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + energy

Limiting factor

anything that places a limit on the size of a population

Tolerance range

the range of abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate without dying.

Narrow tolerance range

organisms that can only grow in very specific environments with specific abiotic conditions

Competition

when individuals compete for a limited resource

Predation

one individual feeds on another

Mutualism

two individuals benefiting each other

Parasitism

one individual lives on or in and feeds on a host organism

Commensalism

one individual benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed

Carrying Capacity

the max population size of a species that an area can support.

Wide tolerance range

organisms that grows easily in many different environments .