magnets and electromagnets

Magnet

An object that attracts iron, nickel, cobalt.

Field

Region around a magnet where force is felt.

Dipolar

Magnets have two poles: North and South.

Repulsion

Like poles repel each other (N

Attraction

Unlike poles attract each other (N

Permanent Magnet

Produces its own magnetic field continuously.

Induced Magnet

Material becomes magnetic in a magnetic field.

Domains

Regions in magnetisable materials acting as tiny magnets.

Magnetisation

Aligning domains to create a magnetic effect.

Demagnetisation

Heating or banging jumbles domains, losing magnetism.

Compass

Freely suspended magnet aligning with Earth's magnetic North.

Earth's Magnetic Field

Created by liquid iron and nickel movement in core.

Electromagnet

Magnet created by electric current flowing through a wire.

Magnetic Field Direction

Determined by right hand grip rule.

Coil Turns

Increasing turns enhances electromagnet strength.

Iron Core

Enhances strength of electromagnet when magnetised.

Current Strength

Higher current increases magnetic field strength.

Experiment 1

Demonstrates magnetic field presence with a compass.

Experiment 2

Visualizes magnetic field pattern using iron filings.

Alternating Current (AC)

Changes direction, causing coil to vibrate.

Striker Mechanism

Electromagnet strikes gong when current flows.

Contact Screw

Breaks circuit, turning off electromagnet.

Vibrations

Caused by alternating magnetic fields, leading to sound.

Steel vs Iron

Steel cores are weaker than iron for electromagnets.