police role 3- final

tennesse v garner

police are told thru this case that they cannot use deadly force to effectuate an arrest unless the fleeing felon was armed and dangerous

quality of life policing

theory that police seek to prevent crime by strengthening existing formal control, fixing up an area will cause less crime to occur

reactive policing

pick up the phone and make citizen complaints, must react very quickly and efficiently to whatever the problem is

proactive policing

where police discover crime on their own with their own efforts

characteristics of officers

authoritative, suspicious and hardened

danger element

makes the officer more attentive and suspicious

authority

idea that the police have become morality police, isolates policeman because they are monitoring you

crime displacement

criminals know where the police are, they will move their activities outside the patrol district

civil forfeiture

anything bought with money or proceeds from illegal drug sale can be confiscated and shared among the agencies

civil forfeiture criticism

profit motive for policing, compete for cases, whoever get bad guy gets the money, illegal misstep

criminal hot spots

areas that have high crime intensity, very frequent and easily predictable

problem oriented policing

pick a type of problem that is high in areas and they start focusing on that problem

community oriented policing

tailor policing to what happens on the streets

police socialization

process by which people acquire knowledge, skills, values and attitudes

socialization- choice

decision of officer and agency that results in recruitment and hire

socialization- introduction

period of academy training, minimum levels of instruction are given, where the recruit is introduced to the skills of policing, fundamentals of job

socialization- encounter

early days on the job, field training officer, reinforce the role because the job is different than the book, rookies expectations are tested

socialization- metamorphosis

final stage, officer adapts to job reality, balance aspect of their lives with the schedule and the stress

routine police patrol

primary crime control tactic
-police presence makes it less likely for someone to commit a crime,
-allows them to respond more quickly,
-detecting crime

deceptive operations

techniques we use for investigations, trickery

decoy

put a vulnerable position for crime (guy acting drunk with money hanging out of his pockets, potential attraction for criminals)

sting

putting someone undercover to get evidence, then creating scenarios where you are involved in crime and eventually busting them (saying a group won a vacation, telling them a time and place to meet, and arresting them)

buy

undercover agent to set up a buy, inside man

bust

no one inside, suspicion, come in when they think its safe, tactical operation

technologies influence

advance crime control, keep databases, connections made easier. however, opened new crimes (cyber crimes)

civil liability

idea that we hold officers civilly liable
-most popular: negligence, behavior in regards to citizens was careless, failure to protect, abandonment

criminal liability

held liable criminally, difficult to prove, many different conditions
-brought as civil rights issues, most of the time does not reach this levelt

types of officers

ideal officer, law man, servant, shirker

ideal officer

more professional, super cops, manage all job aspects well

law man

someone who sees themselves as a crime fighter, enforcer, physically oriented

servant

in the job to help people, problem solving, want to do something good, less into enforcement and more into service

shirker

officer that prefers to do nothing, napping in police car, unmotivated, eating donuts

things that make officers different

uniform, power, working hours, danger, suspicion, dirty work

police personalities

-Share the same attitudes and perceptions of the world
-Very different from the standpoint of values and beliefs from the public
-Police culture affects human nature, thinking, behavior, how they perceive the world

officers are made

policing turns ordinary people into this person

officers are born

the recruitment process, who we choose, people selected for having these characteristics

investigation- proactive

go out an initiate on their own, predict an offense

investigation- reactive

crime already happened

investigation- invisible

police attention is concealed, undercover work

investigation- visible

crime occured and the public is aware

investigation- person focused

a suspect, person or corporation

investigation- event focused

specific type of offense, encompasses many different people

attitudes in policing

predispositions to act a certain way (sexism, racism)

gender in policing

mostly male occupation, number of women is increasing, women think a different way than men
-women: negotiators, less violent, sympathetic and better communication skills

ethnicity in policing

for the most part, black officers are less likely yo be lenient with black citizens, minority officers less antagonistic, greater ties to community

education in policing

raise education level of recruits, imporves the officers sensitivites to community, clear perspective on roles, more education the more ethical the person is
-negative: more likely to be dissatisfied with the job

age in policing

younger officers tend to be more aggressive and more likely to make mistakes, older officers less likely to have complaints and are more mature with experience

experience in policing

more successful in obtaining convictions, more friendly and less aggressive, less effort required for good results

informal training

shared attitude and beliefs, learn from each other

formal training

weapons, self defense, criminal law, crime control, driving, etc

mayonnaise theory

putting more patrol in the same areas doesn't do us any good
-criminals know the patterns
-need crime mapping

investigation

second major crime control tactic
-people worried it was too much power, could be corrupt
-found demand for this position

three things creating investigation demand

-inability for citizens to hire private detectives, after depression and high crime ridden cities
-public's perception of rising crime rates (specifically street crime rates)
-acceptable model was created (through Pinkerton and federal agencies)

democratic combination

reactive visible event focused
-citizens determine when police are involved, you know if you are a suspect and can give defense, most protective of rights

threatening democratic combination

proactive invisible person focused
-judgment, detective initiates, undercover work, nothing specifically happened but they chose you to investigate

mount dora florida

first agency to gain accreditation

difference between community and problem oriented

role of the public, with community we expect the public to be apart of the system and in problem the role of community is minimized

rural

people are close knit, friendly and know eachother
-higher clearance rate than urban areas

urban

less concerned with neighbors and community
-more supplemental tactics (weapons, dogs)

general patterns of policing

what actually happens on the street is a product of the seriousness of the offense, policies of the organization, community expectations, and individual characteristics of the officer

citizen participation

high among activist citizens. some call for everything and others never call at all

police unions

multitude of organized union groups across america
-negative: no national voice, no national way to create standards of police across the country

categories of negotiating

mandatory, permissive, excluded

mandatory issues

salary, benefits, hours (must be negotiated)

permissive issues

use of equipment (may be negotiated)

excluded issues

management (may not be negotiated)