Post Classical East Asia

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Sinification

A process whereby non-Chinese societies come under the influence of the dominant Chinese state and society.

Sui Dynasty

A Chinese dynasty that ruled from 589 CE to 618 CE, known for unifying China and establishing the Grand Canal.

Grand Canal

A significant waterway constructed during the Sui dynasty that connected Northern and Southern China, promoting cultural and economic unity.

Civil Service Exams

Standardized tests introduced during the Han Dynasty, continued in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, used to determine eligibility for government positions.

Tang Dynasty

A dynasty in China from 618 CE to 907 CE known as the 'Golden Age' for its cultural, economic, and military achievements.

Tang Code

A comprehensive set of laws that helped judges settle disputes and laid the foundation for the Equal Field System.

Equal Field System

A bureaucratic system established during the Tang Dynasty where land was fairly divided among farmers which led to economic prosperity.

Foot Binding

A practice in China where women’s feet were tightly bound at a young age, reflecting Confucian values and gender roles.

Commercial Revolution

A period of economic growth in China characterized by the growth of commerce, new banking systems, and increased production of goods.

Neo-Confucianism

An intellectual movement in China that combined Confucianism with Buddhist and Daoist principles, focusing on moral and ethical behavior.

Fast Ripening Rice

A type of rice from Vietnam introduced in China that increased food production and supported a rising population.

Cultural Syncretism

The blending of different cultural elements, seen in the exchange of goods, religion, and practices along the Silk Road.

Kowtow

A ritual act of bowing to the emperor in China, symbolizing submission and respect, integral to the tributary system.

Shintoism

A polytheistic and animistic religion indigenous to Japan, focused on rituals and respect for kami, or spirits in nature.

Bone Rank System

A rigid social hierarchy in Korea, classifying families based on bloodline with little possibility of social mobility.

Chu Nom

A variation of Chinese writing developed in Vietnam, which allowed for an independent national literature.

Mandate of Heaven

An ancient Chinese belief that a ruler’s legitimacy and authority come from divine approval, often used to justify the emperor's rule.

Jurchen

A native group in Northern China who conquered the Northern Song and established the Jin Dynasty.