Anatomy 1 Spring 2025 Lecture Exam 4 Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the endocrine system lectures, designed to aid in exam preparation.

Hormone

Chemical messages; can influence far away target cells; muscle gland, all cells external environment

Endocrine Gland

Endocrine chemical secretions from Epithelial cells directly into the blood and lymphatic fluids via capillaries

Exocrine Gland

Epithelial cells with ducts that secrete mucous, oil & sweat onto the skin surface

Only Endocrine Cells

Pituitary, thyroid

Endocrine cells + function in other organ systems

Pancreas, gonads, hypothalamus

Some Endocrine cells

Heart, kidneys

Hydrophilic Hormones

Amines, peptides, protiens

Lipophilic Hormones

Steroid hormones

Pituitary Gland

Also known as hypophysis; located in hypophyseal fossa; controlled by the hypothalamus

Adenohypophysis

Anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Subdivisions of Anterior Pituitary

Pars tuberalis, Pars intermedia, Pars distalis

Ways Hormone Secretion is Controlled

Humoral, neural, and hormonal stimuli

Humoral Stimuli

Secrete hormone in response to changing levels of ions or nutrients in blood

Neural Stimuli

Nerve fibers stimulate cells in adrenal medulla

Hormonal Stimuli

Endocrine glands release hormones in response to another hormone.

Six Major Hormones Synthesized & Secreted by Anterior Pituitary

Somatotrophs, thyrotrophs, gonadotrophs, lactotrophs, corticotrophs

Hypothalamic Control of Anterior Pituitary

Peptide hormones: releasing hormones stimulate secretion, inhibiting hormones doesn't secrete

Arteries->Arterioles->Glands

Oxygenated blood gas exchange

Hypophyseal Portal System

Capillary bed from one organ sends blood through a blood vessel to a second capillary bed in another organ.

Posterior Pituitary lobe

Neurohypophysis

Subdivisions of Posterior Pituitary

Pars nervosa and infundibulum

Hypothalamohypophyseal Tract

Bundle of axons

Hormones Released by Posterior Pituitary

Anti-diuretic keeps water in blood. Oxytocin causes contraction of uterus/ejection of milk

Target tissues of Anti-Diuretic Hormone

Kidney & Arterioles

Target tissues of the hormone Oxytocin

Uterus & Mammary Glands

Thyroid Hormone Function

Important for body uses oxygen to transform nutrients into energy.