Digestive system Study Guide

1. What gland would be active in helping digest French fries, buttered toast, ice cream, and 

whole milk?

pancreas

1. Where is chyme created?

stomach

1. Define digestion.

1. The chemical and mechanical processes of food break down. 

1. What is regulated in the blood by the active form of vitamin D?

1. Calcium (vitamin C)

1. What does the hepatopancreatic ampulla do?

1. (Hep - liver pancreatic - pancreas) delivers bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine

1. What are peristaltic waves responsible for?

1. Muscle contractions that propel contents forward

1. What type of digestion (lipids, starches, proteins, or carbohydrates) would be most affected if the liver were severely damaged?

lipids

1. What are mesenteries?

1. They hold the digestive tract in place

1. Which of the following enzymes will help digest a meal rich in carbohydrates- trypsin, cholecystokinin, gastrin, amylase?

1. Slavery amylase

1. Define chemical digestion.

1. They are catabolic reactions where enzymes split lips, carbs, and proteins

1. What are the components of saliva?

1. Lysozyme, defensivelyzymes, a cyanide compound 

1. What secretes pepsinogen (organ and type of cell within the organ)?

1. Chefs cells of stomach

1. What is alkalosis?

1. An increase in PH (losis), could occur if you throw up

1. What is the first layer of the small intestine (on the outside)?

1. Serosa 

1. How do you increase the surface area of the mucosal lining of the small intestine?

1. The villy, 2. There are going to be cervical folds of the intestine

1. What stimulates the secretion of gastrin?

1. Gastrin breaks down proteins so protein stimulates it

1. Define catabolism.

1. That is when you break larger molecules into smaller ones

1. How much gastric juice is produced daily?

1. Two to three liters

1. Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins- lipase, dextrinase, amylase, or trypsin?

1. trypsin

1. What is the terminal portion of the small intestine?

ileum

1. What cells of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?

1. Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells)

1. How is salivation controlled?

1. The parasympathetic nervous system

1. Define constipation and diarrhea?  What are some possible causes of each?

1. D - water stole, cause, bacterial infection, c - hard stole and difficult to pass, cause, not enough fiber or obstruction

1. After chewing a piece of bread for 5 to 6 minutes, how would you expect its taste to change during this time? Why?

1. It will become sweet because your saliva breaks down starch in the and becomes sugar because of enzymes in the saliva

1. What is the longest portion of the small intestine?

1. The ileum

1. What is heartburn and what causes it?

1. Gastric juices from the stomach enter the esophagus, causes, if you eat or drink too much or due to pregnancy 

1. What is bile and where is it produced?  What is its digestive function?  Where is it stored and concentrated?

1. digestive fluid contained vile salts and cholesterol

2. Produced by the liver

3. Job to break down fats

4. Stored in the gall bladder

1. What is another word for vomiting?

emesis

1. What is cirrhosis of the liver?  Why do the changes occur? ESSAY

1. Is constant inflammation of the liver that will lead to the destruction of the liver cells. The abdomen will swell because of increased fluid in the abdominal cavity. Causes swelling in the legs and ankles, because of increased blood pressure specifically in feet.

1. What is appendicitis?  How is it treated? ESSAY

1. Symptoms - nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and severe pain in the lower right. Treaded by removing it.