Introduction to Nursing: Concepts II – Foundations, Critical Thinking, QSEN, and Clinical Judgment

Flashcards cover definitions, roles, aims, critical-thinking qualities, QSEN competencies, the Nursing Process, Tanner’s Clinical Judgment Model, and the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model as presented in the lecture notes.

According to the 2021 Scope and Standards of Practice, what is nursing?

The art and science of caring that protects, promotes, and optimizes health and abilities; prevents illness and injury; facilitates healing; alleviates suffering through compassionate presence; diagnoses and treats human responses; and advocates for individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations.

Which two disciplines does nursing blend in everyday practice?

Art and science.

List the four primary aims of nursing.

Promote health, prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with disability or death.

Give three examples of how nurses help meet patient needs beyond physical care.

Providing emotional and spiritual support, creating individualized teaching plans, and facilitating patient problem-solving and decision-making.

Why is therapeutic communication essential in nursing?

It establishes and maintains effective relationships in all healthcare settings.

What nursing role involves ‘being the voice for our patients’?

Advocate – protecting human and legal rights.

Name three collaborative activities nurses perform with other healthcare team members.

Sharing accurate patient information, planning coordinated care, and participating in quality-improvement initiatives.

What is critical thinking in nursing?

Purposeful, goal-directed thinking that uses scientific and practical approaches to make sound clinical decisions.

Identify two purposes of critical thinking listed in the lecture.

Improving adequacy of knowledge and preventing potential errors in decision making.

List four personal critical-thinking indicators from the lecture.

Reflective and self-corrective, analytical and insightful, confident and resilient, genuine/authentic.

Which characteristic of critical thinkers involves ‘alertness to context’?

Being open and fair-minded while recognizing situational variables that influence decisions.

What does QSEN stand for?

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses.

What are the six QSEN competencies?

Patient-centered care, teamwork & collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.

Which QSEN competency focuses on ‘implementing actions that demonstrate patient values and preferences’?

Patient-Centered Care (PCC).

Give two behaviors that demonstrate the QSEN teamwork & collaboration competency.

Establishing effective communication with team members and accurately transferring patient information between caregivers.

What is evidence-based practice (EBP) according to QSEN expectations?

The ability to integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences for optimal care.

Name two student behaviors that meet the QSEN Safety Student Learning Outcome.

Performing psychomotor skills safely and adapting to changes in the clinical environment.

Which QSEN competency requires ‘navigation of a virtual healthcare system’?

Informatics.

List the five traditional steps of the Nursing Process in correct sequence.

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.

During which step of the Nursing Process does the nurse establish measurable patient goals?

Planning.

Tanner’s Clinical Judgment Model begins with which phase?

Noticing.

Match the Tanner phase with its focus: ‘Interpreting’.

Reasoning and analyzing patient data to make sense of what was noticed.

In Tanner’s model, what does ‘Responding’ involve?

Selecting and implementing nursing interventions based on the interpretation of data.

What is the purpose of ‘Reflecting’ in Tanner’s model?

Evaluating the outcomes of actions and learning to improve future practice (reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action).

Which organization developed the Clinical Judgment Measurement Model (CJMM)?

The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN).

List the six cyclical steps of the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model.

Recognize cues, analyze cues, prioritize hypotheses, generate solutions, take action, evaluate outcomes.

What is the main focus when nurses ‘Recognize Cues’?

Accurate identification of relevant patient data.

During which CJMM step do nurses ‘interpret meaning and connect data’?

Analyze Cues.

What does ‘Prioritize Hypotheses’ require nurses to do?

Sort possible explanations and identify which problems need immediate attention.

Which CJMM step aligns with planning patient-centered care?

Generate Solutions.

What actions are completed in the ‘Take Action’ phase of CJMM?

Implementation of interventions, documentation, and patient/family education.

How is effectiveness determined in the ‘Evaluate Outcomes’ phase?

By reassessing the patient and deciding whether expected outcomes were met or if the plan needs revision.

Explain how the Nursing Process correlates with CJMM layers 0–3.

Assessment (recognize cues), Analysis (analyze cues/prioritize hypotheses), Planning (generate solutions), Implementation (take action), Evaluation (evaluate outcomes).

Give one example of an environmental factor that can influence clinical judgment according to CJMM.

Time pressure, task complexity, available resources, or cultural considerations.

What individual factor might affect a nurse’s clinical decision making?

Level of experience, prior knowledge, or candidate characteristics such as resilience.

Why is developing critical-thinking and decision-making skills emphasized in nursing education?

To provide safe, effective, client-centered care and to reduce errors in complex clinical environments.